Learning media is a tool to improve teaching and learning process to achieve better learning outcome. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The purpose of this research was 1) to know the types of biology learning media found in senior high school at Salatiga, 2) to analyze the application of media in the process of biology learning in senior high school at Salatiga, 3) to know the factors that influence the use of learning media in private senior high school at Salatiga. Techniques and data collection tools were questionnaires, interviews, observation, and documentation. Data were obtained from biology teachers and high school students in Salatiga. Data analysis techniques include the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Based on the result of research, it can be concluded that the complete type of learning media is learning media contained in school B, ie print media, visual, audiovisual , realia, game, electronic or computer. The highest of media type used by biology teacher printed media. According to the teacher, subjects that most need learning media are biotechnology, metabolism, plant growth, genetic material, heredity of Mendel, evolution, the origin of life, cell reproduction. Factors that influence media using were material difficulty level, media availability level, level of preparedness of student, time and number of students.
Food additives or additives are ingredients or mixtures if added to raw ingredients can affect the nature and shape of food and beverage. Some functions of these ingredients’ addition include a preservative, flavoring, coloring, antioxidant, and others. Tempeh is one of the foods consumed by many people, especially in Indonesia. The addition of additives to tempe can increase its nutritional components such as increasing antioxidant levels. Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) is added as an additive to increase antioxidants because, from several studies, the flower has a high antioxidant. The addition of butterfly pea flower is also expected to affect the antioxidant activity and give the tempe an attractive aroma, taste, and color. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of butterfly pea flower addition with concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% on antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, and the organoleptic properties of tempeh based on the preference level (hedonic) using a questionnaire. Based on the results obtained, it was shown that the addition of butterfly pea flower was able to increase the antioxidant activity. This can be seen from the IC50 value at the addition at 2% concentration, which showed the highest value of 2398.5 ppm from each treatment even though in the antioxidant power category, it was still relatively low. Then on the organoleptic test, the results showed that in the color parameter, panelists tended to like the butterfly pea flower addition at a concentration of 1%, while in the aroma and taste parameters the panelists liked the butterfly pea flower addition at a concentration of 0.5%. Keywords: Antioxidant; butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.); natural dye; organoleptic; tempeh. ABSTRAK Bahan tambahan pangan atau bahan aditif merupakan bahan ataupun campuran yang jika ditambahkan ke dalam bahan baku dapat mempengaruhi sifat serta bentuk dari suatu makanan dan minuman. Beberapa fungsi dari penambahan bahan ini diantaranya adalah sebagai pengawet, penyedap, pewarna, antioksidan dan lainnya. Tempe merupakan salah satu pangan yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat terutama di Indonesia. Penambahan bahan aditif pada tempe dapat meningkatkan komposisi gizinya seperti meningkatkan kadar antioksidan. Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) ditambahkan sebagai bahan aditif untuk meningkatkan antioksidan karena dari beberapa penelitian yang dilakukan, bunga tersebut memiliki antioksidan yang cukup tinggi. Penambahan bunga telang juga diharapkan dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas antioksidan serta memberikan aroma, rasa dan warna yang menarik pada tempe. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penambahan bunga telang dengan konsentrasi 0%, 0,5%, 1%, 1,5% dan 2% terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH, dan sifat organoleptik pada tempe berdasarkan tingkat kesukaan (hedonik) menggunakan kuisioner. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, ditunjukkan bahwa penambahan bunga telang mampu meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan. Hal ini dilihat dari nilai IC50 pada penambahan konsentrasi 2% menunjukkan nilai tertinggi yaitu 2398.5 ppm dari setiap perlakuan walaupun dalam kategori kekuatan antioksidan, masih tergolong rendah. Kemudian pada uji organoleptik, hasil menunjukkan bahwa dalam parameter warna, panelis cenderung menyukai penambahan bunga telang pada konsentrasi 1%, sedangkan pada parameter aroma dan rasa panelis menyukai penambahan bunga telang dengan konsentrasi 0,5%. Kata kunci: Antioksidan; bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.); organoleptik; pewarna alami; tempe.
<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Borax and rhodamine B are preservative and dye banned to be used in food products. However, some traders still use borax and rhodamine B to their food and drink products. Cilok is a kind of food liked by schoolchildren and categorized as street vendor food (PKL). Most of food sold by street vendor has not touched by strict control from BPOM, so its quality is not good. Pentol cilok is a food made by starch. It tastes delicious and chewy. Furthermore, it is liked by schoolchildren. Cilok is also served by adding the sauce in order to make it tastier. It is common to add dye in that sauce and the dye is not natural dye nor food coloring. In the cilok, the contamination of microbe especially Salmonella sp. is influenced by unhygienic process. This research aims to find out borax and Salmonella sp. contamination and also the existence of rhodamine B on the cilok sauce. The methods used in this research are qualitative, quantitative, and the detection of Salmonella sp. contamination. The result shows, of the 8 tested samples, 4 samples (sample B, C, E, and H) contain little amount of borax, the sauce contains no rhodamine B. This can be seen from Rf value and color reaction test. On the testing of Salmonella sp., there are bacteria before boiling process (when cilok is still in the form of dough) and there are no bacteria after boiling and steaming process, so it is safe to be consumed.</p>
The conditional vacuolar segregation mutant vac2‐1 [Shaw and Wickner (1991) EMBO J. 10,1741–1748] shifted to non‐permissive temperature (37°C), forms large‐budded cells without a vacuole in the bud, and daughter cells without an apparent vacuole. Some cells still contain normal segregation structures. Structural and biochemical quantification of the segregation defect showed that (i) about 10% of the full‐grown buds did not contain a vacuole, (ii) about 15% of the small cells washed out of a population growing in an elutriation chamber at 37°C, did not contain a visible vacuole, and (iii) 15% of the cells per generation lost carboxypeptidase Y activity after proteinase A depletion. Thus, 10–15% of the daughter cells did not inherit vacuolar structures or vacuolar proteolytic activity from the mother cell. To investigate the fate of vacuole‐less daughters, these cells were isolated by optical trapping. The isolated cells formed colonies on agar plates that consisted of cells with normal vacuoles, both at 23 and 37°C. Thus, the vacuole‐less cells that failed to inherit proteolytic activities from the mother cell apparently give rise to progeny containing structurally normal vacuoles. Time‐lapse experiments showed that vacuole‐less daughter cells formed vacuolar vesicles that fused into a new vacuole within 30 min. Although new buds only emerged after a vacuole had formed in the mother cell, the temporary lack of a vacuole had little effect on growth rate. The results suggest that an alternative pathway for vacuole formation exists, and that yeast cells may require a vacuole of some minimal size to initiate a new round of budding. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Banana leaves-wrapped tempeh is a traditional food as a conventional
Efforts to increase protein in Tempe can provide positive values for native Indonesian food. The amount of remaining egg white in the bread industry can be used in making soybean Tempe. Egg white which is rich in albumin has never been used in the manufacture of soybean tempeh by the producer. This research aims to determine the effect of adding raw and steamed egg whites on the protein content of soybean Tempe. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. The concentrations of egg whites used in the research included 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. The research instrument used was the observation sheet for protein content using the Lowry method. The research data were dissolved protein content. The data analysis technique used Two Way ANOVA. The results of the research showed that there was no effect of adding raw and steamed egg whites on soybean Tempe protein content (P > 0.05). However, the addition of raw egg whites can increase the protein content of soybean Tempe, compared to steamed egg whites. The conclusion of this research is the addition of raw and steamed egg whites does not have a significant effect on the protein content of soybean Tempe. The right type of egg white flour to increase the protein content of soybean Tempe is raw egg white flour with a protein content of 15.0 per 100 grams.
Tempeh is a processed food made from fermented soybeans using the mold Rhizopus oryzae or Rhizopus oligosporus which has the main nutritional content of 56% protein. Quality tempeh has the characteristics of being compact, slightly grayish-white in color, and has a distinctive tempeh aroma. In general, tempe is packaged using banana leaves and plastic. The type of packaging in temphe can affect the quality characteristics of tempe. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality characteristics of tempe with packaging using klobot (corn husk) on four main parameters are protein content, moisture content, shelf life, and organoleptic properties. This study used a completely randomized design with three treatments and three repetitions, namely banana leaf packaging, plastic packaging, and klobot packaging. Based on the results obtained, the use of the type of packaging has a significant effect on the 95% significance level on the physicochemical characteristics (protein and moisture content). Tempeh wrapped in klobot has a protein content of 23,87 ± 1,17 (%) and a moisture content of 51,58 ± 0,30 (%). This value is in accordance with Indonesian National Standard 3144: 2015 that the protein content of soybean tempeh is at least 15% (w/w) and the moisture content of soybean tempeh is a maximum of 65%. Next, the shelf-life analysis showed that tempeh wrapped in klobot had a shelf life of 5 days with a slight tempeh texture. Then based on the result of the organoleptic test, variation of treatment has no significant effect at the 95% significance level on organoleptic characteristics of color, flavor, texture, taste and significantly affects overall preference organoleptic characteristics. Keywords: Klobot, packaging, quality characteristics, tempeh ABSTRAK Tempe merupakan makanan olahan yang dibuat dari kacang kedelai hasil fermentasi menggunakan kapang Rhizopus oryzae atau Rhizopus oligosporus yang memiliki kandungan gizi utama yaitu protein sebesar 56%. Tempe yang berkualitas memiliki karakteristik yaitu berbentuk kompak, berwarna putih serta memiliki aroma khas tempe. Pada umumnya tempe dikemas dengan menggunakan daun pisang dan plastik. Jenis kemasan pada tempe dapat mempengaruhi karakteristik mutu tempe. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis karakteristik mutu tempe dengan pengemasan menggunakan klobot (kulit jagung) terhadap empat parameter utama yaitu kadar protein, kadar air, umur simpan dan sifat organoleptik. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakukan dan tiga kali pengulangan yaitu kemasan daun pisang, kemasan plastik, dan kemasan klobot. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh penggunaan jenis pengemas berpengaruh nyata pada taraf signifikansi 95% terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia (kadar protein dan air). Tempe yang dibungkus dengan klobot memiliki kadar protein sebesar 23,87 ± 1,17 (%) dan kadar air sebesar 51,58 ± 0,30 (%). Nilai tersebut sesuai dengan dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia 3144: 2015 bahwa kadar protein tempe kedelai minimal 15% (b/b) dan kadar air tempe kedelai maksimal 65%. Selanjutnya pada analisis umur simpan menunjukkan bahwa tempe yang dibungkus klobot memiliki daya simpan 5 hari dengan tekstur tempe yang sedikit lunak. Kemudian berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik, variasi perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata pada taraf signifikansi 95% terhadap karakteristik organoleptik warna, aroma, tekstur, rasa dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakteristik organoleptik kesukaan secara keseluruhan. Kata Kunci: Karakteristik mutu; kemasan; klobot; tempe
This research aimed at 1) developing and producing feasible free inquiry lab-based students' worksheets to increase the dimension in students' science literacy process and 2) examining the effectivity of free inquiry lab-based students' worksheets in increasing the dimension in students' science literacy process. This research was conducted using research and development method. The students of XI MIPA SMA Kristen 1 Salatiga were the subject of this research. This research was conducted in the first semester of the 2018-2019 academic year. The validation questionnaire and students' response, the observation sheet of dimension process and learning model implementation, and the science literacy question sheet were the research instrument covered in this research. The hypothesis test was conducted using the paired-sample t-test. The result of this research revealed that 1) the developed free inquiry lab-based students' worksheet was feasible based on the assessment result from the professional validator with the average 80.19%, and the students' response was very good towards the worksheet with the assessment average 82.49%. 2) The freeinquiry lab students' worksheet was effective in increasing students' dimensions in the science literacy process in plant tissue topic, which was supported with the average of students' dimension of science literacy process 87.71% (very good) and the students' N-Gain was 0.7 (very good). It was proved by the paired samples t-test statistic test with a result of 0.00 < 0,05. Therefore H0 was rejected, or in other words, the free inquiry lab-based students' worksheet was effective in increasing the dimension in the science literacy process.
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