Current therapy for
liver failure and concomitant hyperbilirubinemia
faces the challenge of poor hemocompatibility and bleeding risks associated
with the anticoagulant injection. Herein, heparin-mimetic biomacromolecule
(HepMBm) with a similar degree of sulfation and anticoagulant properties
to heparin was synthesized by imitating the structure of natural biomacromolecule
heparin. Then HepMBm was used to prepare nanocomposite spheres based
on reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The formation of a dual-network structure
in the spheres endowed the spheres with improved dimensional stability.
The proposed spheres exhibited outstanding blood compatibilities and
excellent self-anticoagulant properties. The bilirubin adsorption
experiments and whole blood bilirubin removal assay indicated that
the spheres exhibited high bilirubin removal capability from whole
blood (The removal ratio was 99.69%.). The spheres open new routes
for a therapeutic strategy without a plasma separation system and
heparin pump, which may be a step toward a lightweight wearable artificial
liver.
Applications of effective and steady metal catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) via electrolysis of water have a huge potential to relax energy crisis and reduce carbon dioxide emission. Herein, we design a simple, facile, and general approach for the synthesis of a series of transition-metal phosphide nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon (NC) nanomaterials using metal salts, abundantly available hexamethylene diamine tetra(methyl phosphonic acid), and urea as precursors. The resultant transition-metal phosphide nanoparticles can serve as high-efficiency and steady HER catalysts. Particularly, when the current density is 10 mA cm −2 , the overpotentials of the obtained RhP 2 @NC are 30, 85, and 70 mV in acid (0.5 M H 2 SO 4 ), neutral (1 M PBS), and alkaline (1 M KOH) solutions, respectively. Besides, the RhP 2 @NC exhibits good stability after 10 h in aforementioned solutions. More importantly, it is suited to fabricate other transition-metal phosphide nanoparticles/NC heterostructures by this synthetic strategy. The obtained CoP@NC, FeP@ NC, Ni 2 P@NC, and Cu 3 P@NC also show relatively high efficiency for HER. Hence, the versatile synthesis strategy opens a new route for the research and fabrication of transition-metal phosphide-based catalysts for HER.
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