Brazilian Native Vegetation Protection Law (Law n. 12.651/2012) brought flexibility related to the sizing of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) along watercourses when there was anthropogenic occupation before July 22, 2008 (consolidated rural area), which may vary according to the size of the property. To better understand the effects of this law, we analyzed land use and land occupation in PPAs along watercourses in a portion of Grande River drainage basin. Scenarios were also developed to compare the effects of the reduction of PPA limits, allowing us to discuss measures to avoid water quality deterioration. We obtained the drainage network and individualized the study area through images available in Google Earth TM, and we extracted information about land use and land occupation from a vector provided by the Laboratory of Studies and Projects in Forest Management from Federal University of Lavras. Recovery scenarios were estimated according to Article n. 61-A from the Native Vegetation Protection Law. There was a significant reduction of environmental liability compared to previous legislation. In the more restrictive scenario, there may be a 31% deficit in recovery areas, where watersheds with a strong presence of small rural properties will be the most affected. Although the reduction of recovery areas is characterized as a retrogression in the protection of native vegetation, complementary strategies could be implemented, such as economic incentive mechanisms.
RESUMOO trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os efeitos das flexibilizações do Código Florestal de 2012 quanto à "regra da escadinha" (artigo 61-A) na Unidade de Planejamento e Gestão de Recursos Hídricos dos rios Pandeiros e Calindó. Para tal, foram extraídos dados georreferenciados do módulo de consulta pública do Cadastro Ambiental Rural na unidade de estudo, sendo classificados de acordo como o tamanho em módulos fiscais. Dos 18.067 imóveis rurais declarados na área de estudo, 95% são pequenas propriedades que, beneficiadas pela "regra da escadinha", promoveram uma perda de cobertura vegetal de 11.159 ha em Áreas de Preservação Permanente. Essa flexibilização afetará diretamente no controle de enchentes e de processos erosivos em bacias hidrográficas, afetando a disponibilidade de água em quantidade e qualidade adequada aos usos pretendidos, representando um retrocesso ambiental.Palavras-chave: Regularização Ambiental; Cadastro Ambiental Rural; Código Florestal. THE INFLUENCE OF RURAL PROPERTY SIZE ON PERMANENT PRESERVATION AREAS ALONG WATER BODIES ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to analyze the effects of Brazilian Forest Code related to "regra da escadinha" (article 61-A) in the Water Resources Planning and Management Unit of Pandeiros and Calindó rivers. For this purpose, georeferenced data of the study unit were extracted from the public consultation module of Rural Environmental Registry, being classified according to size in fiscal modules. Of 27,758 rural properties declared in the study area, 93% are small properties that, benefited by "regra da escadinha", lost 3,027.84 ha of plant cover in Permanent Preservation Areas. This flexibility will affect directly the control of floods and erosive processes in watersheds, affecting water viability in quantity and quality appropriate to the intended uses, representing step backwards in environmental legislation.
The Conservation Units (CU) were created to protect natural environments from growing degradation and to impede the expansion of urbanization and agricultural crops. The Serra da Canastra National Park, established to protect the headwaters of the São Francisco River and other places of scenic and ecological interest, is extensively visited due to its many tourist attractions, such as waterfalls, fauna and flora. An analysis of the park's geography is needed to assess the risk involved in and its suitability for public use due to its territorial extension and environmental complexities. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the background of issues of interest to CU management. Additionally, we used high-resolution RapidEye imagery, altimetry and database of park infrastructure to build geospatial database and estimate classes of suitability for and risk in public use through GIS tools. The resulting cartographic data can support the planning of policies concerning the landscape and park's territorial management.
Apesar da Constituição Federal evidenciar a necessidade de preservação dos recursos naturais, o atual Código Florestal (Lei Federal nº 12.651/2012) trouxe mecanismos que flexibilizam as dimensões e o uso de áreas protegidas, podendo ocasionar impactos negativos ao meio ambiente. Por meio de estudo de caso no município de Lavras, Minas Gerais, buscou-se analisar as mudanças relacionadas às Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) às margens de cursos d’água e no entorno de reservatórios artificiais destinados à geração de energia ou abastecimento público, bem como na Reserva Legal (RL) de imóveis rurais localizados às margens do Rio Grande. Com base nos dados do Sistema Nacional de Cadastro Ambiental Rural e auxílio de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas, foram elaborados cenários comparando os efeitos de medidas mais restritivas com medidas flexibilizadas mediante uso antrópico consolidado. Essas flexibilizações poderão causar na área de estudo redução de 79,4% em APP às margens de cursos d’água, 67,7% em APP no entorno de reservatórios artificiais destinados à geração de energia ou abastecimento público e 7% em Reserva Legal. Essas reduções afetam negativamente as funções ecológicas tanto das APP e quanto da RL.
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