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The Aedes aegypti is responsible for the transmission of arboviruses, which compromise public health. In the
search for synthetic product alternatives, essential oils (OEs) have been highlighted by many researchers as natural
insecticides. This systematic review (SR) was performed according to PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and had as it’s objective to evaluate studies addressing OEs with larvicidal
properties against Ae. aegypti, through electronic database searches (Pubmed, Science Direct and Scielo), covering an
overview of the plant sources OEs, which plant parts were used, the extraction methods, analytical techniques, major
and/or secondary constituents with greater percentages, as well as the LC50s responsible for larval mortality. Following
study analysis, plants distributed across 32 families, 90 genera and 175 species were identified. The Lamiaceae,
Myrtaceae, Piperaceae, Asteraceae, Rutaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Lauraceae families obtained the highest number of
species with toxic properties against larvae from this vector. Practically all plant parts were found to be used for OE
extraction. Hydrodistillation and steam distillation were the main extraction methods identified, with GC-MS/GC-FID
representing the main analytical techniques used to reveal their chemical composition, especially of terpene compounds.
In this context, OEs are promising alternatives for the investigation of natural, ecologically correct and biodegradable
insecticides with the potential to be used in Ae. aegypti control programs.
Evaluations of the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and their components have been the subject of many studies. Furthermore, the biological activities of various plant species have been reported in various pieces of literature. Benth (Lamiaceae), popularly known as "mad balm" is commonly found in the North, Southeast, and Northeast of Brazil. Its leaves are used ethnobiologically as antiulcerogenic, antimicrobial, antitumor and as insecticide. This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of the essential oil of Benth (OEHM) by GC/MS as well as its possible topical activity as an antiedematogenic. This is verified by the models of ear edema induced by single (acute edema) and multiple (chronic edema) applications of croton oil topically, and systemically verified through the model of paw edema induced by carrageenan 1%. Doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg OEHM were used in all tests. Chemical analysis of the oil revealed the 1,8-cineole (34.58%) and -carene (21:58%) as major components present in the essential oil. On the model of ear edema, acute and chronic OEHM in all the tested doses showed no significant antiedematogenic activity ( < 0.05). The systemic model of paw edema induced by carrageenin showed that a dose of 100 mg/kg effectively reduced swelling by 55.37% in the second hour evaluation when compared to the saline group. The anti-inflammatory systemic effect can give greater bioavailability of the components present in the essential oil and your interference in cytokines and leukotriene, thromboxane and prostaglandin biosynthesis. It is therefore concluded that OEHM presents systemic antiedematogenic activity but not topical activity at these doses.
Croton campestris A. St.-Hill., popularly known as “velame do campo,” is a species native to the savannah area of Northeast Brazil, which is used by traditional communities in folk medicine for variety of health problems, especially detoxification, inflammation, and gastritis. The hydroalcoholic extract of C. campestris leaves (HELCC) was assessed for its antiulcerogenic effect in gastric lesion models and effect on intestinal motility in mice, and possible mechanisms of action were examined. HELCC showed significant gastroprotective action in all models of gastric ulcer evaluated; the results suggest that this action probably involves the nitric oxide pathway. HELCC did not show alteration of intestinal motility in mice. It was also found that C. campestris represents a promising natural source with important biological potential, justifying some of its uses in folk medicine.
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