The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the industrial treatment with insecticides on the physiological quality of corn (Zea mays) seeds during storage at different temperatures. Seeds of the BM 950 PRO3 and BM 709 PRO2 hybrids were subjected to industrial treatment with insecticides based on chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, and clothianidin, as well as to a control, and stored at different temperatures (10, 20, and 30°C) for 0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 days, in a 4x3x5 factorial arrangement for each hybrid, in a completely randomized design. To evaluate the quality of the seeds, tests of moisture content, germination, seedling emergence, accelerated aging, and cold were performed. For the seeds of both hybrids, germination is preserved at minimum commercialization standards for up to 360 days of storage, regardless of the insecticide or storage temperature. The temperature of 10°C preserves seed vigor and minimizes the negative effects caused by the insecticides during storage. At 20 and 30°C, vigor is cumulatively impaired as storage is extended, mainly at 30°C. Chlorantraniliprole results in a greater preservation of seed vigor regardless of storage temperature, whereas clothianidin provides a greater loss of vigor in industrially treated corn seeds, especially when stored at 30°C.
Seed treatment is important for protecting seed and seedling from pests and/or pathogens. Seed treatment can be performed generally in two ways: industrial seed treatment (IST), performed by seed companies, or on-farm treatment (OFT). These treatment technologies will affect the final quality of the process. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the seed quality profile of ISTs and OFTs in Brazilian agribusiness in terms of functional quality and dose application effectiveness (DAE). Seed samples treated by both processes were collected in 6 producing states of Brazil, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Paraná, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina. To evaluate the functional quality of the treatments, the coating percentage was determined by high-resolution image analysis with GroundEye® equipment, and the insecticide active ingredient DAE amount was determined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Image analysis proved to be a promising technique to evaluate seed coating, in addition, samples treated with “on farm” technology had greater variation and heterogeneity in coating and active ingredient dose, while samples treated industrially showed greater homogeneity, uniformity, effectiveness of applied products. There was a strong positive correlation between coating with phytosanitary products and DAE in treated corn seeds, important parameters in the evaluation of the quality of the treatment.
The cottonseed delinting removes lint from the seed coat to improve plantability and maintain the seed’s physiological quality, therefore, this work aimed to determine the effect of delinting and neutralizers’ residual on the physiological quality of stored cottonseed by using image analysis phenotyping. The experiment was a randomized factorial design of 3 x 4 x 2 and two periods of storage evaluation (0 and 180 days). The cotton seeds were delinted at three different times (2, 4, and 10 minutes), neutralized using four distinct neutralizers (Quicklime, Hydrated lime, Filler lime, and NaOH), and there were seeds with and without neutralizer residue. The evaluations carried out were: water content, seed residual lint imaging, germination, seedling emergence, and seedling length imaging. The neutralizers Quicklime, Hydrated lime, and Filler lime do not need removal from the cotton seed coat. In storage, only the neutralizer NaOH has a high latent effect in lowering cottonseed quality, and the other neutralizers have lower physiological quality when the residue is removed. The image analysis phenotyping is efficient in identifying seedlings’ vigor.
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