A Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth., conhecida popularmente como paricarana, é uma espécie com potencial econômico paisagístico, madeireiro e para a recuperação de áreas degradadas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho a caracterização física de sementes de paricarana com diferentes cores do tegumento provenientes de 12 matrizes, utilizando técnicas de análise de imagem, além de verificar a eficiência do tratamento de superação de dormência aplicado às sementes para determinar a qualidade fisiológica. As sementes de 12 matrizes de paricarana foram classificadas em cor laranja e vermelha manualmente e com auxílio do aparelho e software Groundeye®. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 12 x 2 (matrizes x cores) com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas a morfometria das sementes e plântulas, raios-x, germinação, velocidade de sementes embebidas, velocidade de germinação e microscopia eletrônica de varredura das sementes. Para o teste de germinação realizou-se o tratamento de superação de dormência das sementes com água a 100°C por 10 segundos, e para controle de patógenos, hipoclorito de sódio a 2% por cinco minutos. As técnicas utilizadas para caracterização física das sementes de cor laranja e vermelha das 12 matrizes de paricarana são eficientes. As sementes de paricarana de cor laranja apresentam melhor qualidade física e fisiológica. O tratamento com água a 100°C por 10 segundos mais cinco minutos de imersão em hipoclorito a 2% é eficiente na superação de dormência, e controle de patógenos das sementes de cor laranja e vermelha das 12 matrizes de paricarana.
ResumoO objetivo nesse trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de pimenta em frutos de diferentes maturações, submetidas ao repouso pós-colheita nos frutos e o armazenamento das sementes. As sementes utilizadas foram colhidas em julho de 2009, de plantas cultivadas em casa de vegetação da área de transferência de tecnologia da Embrapa Roraima. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x2x2 com 4 repetições. Na colheita foram retirados frutos imaturos, intermediários e maduros, totalizando 90 frutos. Em parte dos frutos colhidos, a extração das sementes foi imediata e nos demais foram mantidas por 10 dias em temperatura ambiente a 25°C. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada quanto a germinação (plântulas normais e anormais) e velocidade de germinação. Os testes foram repetidos três meses após a colheita para avaliar o armazenamento. A colheita de frutos de pimenta no estádio intermediário (verde alaranjado) apresentou sementes com melhor qualidade fisiológica em relação às obtidas de frutos maduros (vermelho intenso) e frutos imaturos (verdes). A permanência das sementes no interior dos frutos, por dez dias, melhora a qualidade fisiológica das sementes obtidas de frutos colhidos precocemente (intermediário). As sementes extraídas dos frutos dez dias após a colheita apresentam melhor qualidade fisiológica aos três meses, do que as sementes extraídas logo após a colheita. Palavras-chave: Capsicum frutencens L, vigor, coloração de frutos AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of pepper seeds as a function of maturity, presence of seeds in fruits and storage. Pepper seeds used for the study were collected in July 2009, from plants grown in greenhouse belonging to Embrapa Roraima sector of technology transfer. The experimental design was entirely randomized under a (3 x 2 x 2) factorial scheme. At harvest, immature, intermediate and ripe fruits were collected, totalizing 90 fruits. Extraction of seeds was immediate in part of fruits, and therest of fruits were left for 10 days at room temperature at 25 °C. Seed physiological quality was evaluated concerning germination, germination speed. The tests were repeated three months after harvest to assess storage aspects. According to results, the maturation stages that showed better physiological quality were the seeds originated from green orange color fruits (intermediate class) as compared to those obtained from ripe (intense red color) fruits and immature (green) fruits. Seed permanence within fruits for ten days improved its physiological quality among early harvested fruits (intermediate). Seeds extracted from fruits ten days after harvest showed better physiological at three months of storage, when compared to seeds extracted immediately after harvest.
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Palavras-chave -Pinhão manso. Fases da germinação. Embebição.Abstract -Knowledge of water absorption patterns among seeds is important as it allows us to know the appropriate conditions for the rapid seedling emergence. The present study characterized water absorption curve among physic nut (Jatropha curcas L) seeds. Seeds were classified as small and large according to the mass of a thousand seeds placed in gerbox, between sheets of germitest paper moistened with destilled water 2.5 times their weight and kept in a germination chamber maintained at 25°C. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 17 factorial scheme, namely 2 seed sizes (large and small) and 17 imbibitions periods (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16, 24, 32, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours) with four replicates of 10 seeds per plot. Small seeds of physic nut weighed 715.4 g as a thousand seed mass while large seeds weighed 800 grams. Seeds of physic nut exhibit a triphasic pattern of water absorption. Small and large physic nut seeds exhibit the three physiological phases similarly, where phase II begins next to 32 hours of imbibition and extends up to 116 hours, when phase III starts.
-The expansion of açai production has increased the importance of management of seeds used for replanting or expanding the plantation areas. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of açai seeds with different moisture contents, treated or untreated with fungicide, and stored for 180 days. The seeds were divided into three moisture levels (35%, 30% and 20%), and with or without fungicide treatment, with four storage evaluation periods (0, 60, 120 and 180 days). They were packed in plastic bags and kept in natural environment. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 3 x 2 x 4 factorial scheme (moisture contents x treated or untreated with fungicide x period of evaluation), with four replications of 50 seeds each. The following tests were conducted: moisture content, germination, tetrazolium test, seedling emergence, seedling emergence speed and X-ray. Açai seeds with 35% and 30% moisture contents treated with fungicide showed a better physiological quality in relation to the untreated ones. Storage longer than 120 days reduced seed germination to values below 50%, regardless of whether they were treated or not with fungicide, although the reduction was greater in untreated seeds. The fungicide treatment is efficient in controlling fungi in açai seeds with 30% and 20% moisture content for up to 180 days of storage, and in seeds with 35% moisture content for up to 60 days of storage.
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