RESUMOOBJETIVO: Realizar a validação de conteúdo dos Critérios de Beers 2012 e STOPP 2006 para a obtenção de critérios nacionais de classificação de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI) para idosos. MÉTODOS: A técnica Delphi modificada em duas etapas foi utilizada para o estabelecimento do Consenso Brasileiro de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados para Idosos, com base nos critérios de Beers 2012 e STOPP 2006. O painel de especialistas foi composto por dez indivíduos. Utilizou-se um questionário eletrônico em que cada especialista emitiu uma nota, por meio de uma escala de Likert de cinco pontos. Na primeira etapa Delphi, os participantes foram solicitados a avaliar a inadequação potencial de uma lista preliminar de medicamentos e propor sugestões. Posteriormente, calculou-se a média das notas e o respectivo IC de 95% para cada critério. Foram encaminhados para a segunda rodada os critérios com limite máximo de IC95% < 4,0. Todos os medicamentos contidos em critérios com um limite mínimo de IC95% ≥ 4,0 na segunda rodada foram classificados como potencialmente inapropriados. RESULTADOS: Os critérios que não obtiveram consenso foram: uso de aspirina para a prevenção primária de eventos cardiovasculares, prescrição de escala móvel de insulina, uso de alfa-bloqueadores, estrógenos orais ou transdérmicos para idosos com incontinência urinária e antidepressivos tricíclicos para aqueles com retenção urinária. Ao final, foram totalizados 118 critérios, sendo 43 independentes de condição clínica e 75 dependentes de condição clínica/doença dos idosos. CONCLUSÃO: Foi realizada a validação de conteúdo de critérios de medicamentos que devem ser evitados em idosos. Esses dados podem otimizar a prescrição de medicamentos nessa população. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: lista de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados; idoso; Brasil. An electronic questionnaire was used, in which each expert scored the criteria through a 5-points Likert scale. In the first round, the participants were asked to assess the potential inadequacy of a preliminary list of medicines and propose suggestions. Then, for each criterion, the scores mean was calculated and its respective 95% CI. The criteria with a 95% CI < 4,0 upper limit were submitted to the second round. All medicines in the criteria with a 95% CI ≥ 4,0 lower limit, in the second round, were classified as potentially inappropriate. RESULTS: The criteria that did not reach consensus were: aspirin use for primary prevention of cardiovascular events, sliding scale insulin prescription and the use of alpha-blockers, oral or transdermal estrogens and tricyclic antidepressants for the elderly with urinary tract incontinence. At the end, there were 118 criteria, in which 43 were independent from clinical conditions and 75 were dependent from clinical conditions/disease of the elderly. CONCLUSION: It was validated a criteria of medicines that should be avoided in the elderly. These data can optimize the medicines prescription in this population.
BackgroundVisceral obesity is associated with higher occurrence of cardiovascular events. There are few studies about the accuracy of anthropometric clinical indicators, using Computed Tomography (CT) as the gold standard. We aimed to determine the accuracy of anthropometric clinical indicators for discrimination of visceral obesity.MethodsCross-sectional study with 191 adults and elderly of both sexes. Variables: area of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) identified by CT, Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), Conicity index (C index), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI). ROC analyzes.ResultsThere were a strong correlation between adiposity indicators and VAT area. Higher accuracy of C index and WHtR (AUC≥0.81) than the LAP and the VAI was observed. The higher AUC of LAP and VAI were observed among elderly with areas of 0.88 (CI: 0.766–0.944) and 0.83 (CI: 0.705–0.955) in men and 0.80 (CI: 0.672–0.930) and 0.71 (CI: 0.566–0.856) in women, respectively. The cutoffs of C index were 1.30 in elderly, in both sexes, with sensitivity ≥92%, the LAP ranged from 26.4 to 37.4 in men and from 40.6 to 44.0 in women and the VAI was 1.24 to 1.45 (sens≥76.9%) in men and 1.46 to 1.84 in women.ConclusionBoth the anthropometric indicators, C Index and WHtR, as well as LAP and VAI had high accuracy in visceral obesity discrimination. So, they are effective in cardiovascular risk assessment and in the follow-up for individual and collective clinical practice.
BackgroundTreatment with oral anticoagulant may influence the quality of life perception as it promotes changes in the patient's life, not offering an evident symptomatic relief and presenting well defined risks, such as bleeding. In this trial, the influence of chronic use of anticoagulants on the quality of life perception has been analyzed in patients assisted at the anticoagulation outpatient unit.MethodsThe health related quality of life was evaluated through a cross-section study with a sample composed of 72 patients seen from July 23, 2009 to September 2, 2010 at the Anticoagulation Outpatient Unit of the Federal University of Bahia's University Hospital. The study's population was composed by patients with atrial fibrillation and mechanical heart valve. The patients were submitted to two quality of life evaluation questionnaires: a generic questionnaire - the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 Health Survey (SF36) - and a specific questionnaire - the Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale (DASS).ResultsThe quality of life perception of the patients studied, based on both the DASS and the SF36, was positive regarding the treatment with oral anticoagulant. The SF36 presented an average score of 62.2 (± 20.0). Among the SF36 evaluated domains, the physical-emotional aspect was the most compromised one regarding life quality perception. The DASS presented an average score of 67.1 (± 18.2) and the domain presenting a greater compromise was the one related to the treatment inconveniences (annoyances, burdens and obligations). Previous hemorrhagic event, comorbidities, drug interactions with medicines that increase the anticoagulant effect, lower education level in the SF36 and younger age group influence a more negative perception of the quality of life, whereas lower education level in the DASS and the duration of treatment for more than 1 year offer a more positive perception.ConclusionPatients seen at the anticoagulation outpatient unit of the University Hospital of Federal University of Bahia/Brazil had a positive perception of the treatment. Factors such as hemorrhagic event, comorbidities, drug interactions, education level, age group and duration of treatment have an influence on the quality of life perception.
The data collected in this study indicated a high prevalence of the use of PIM. The factors that contributed the most to this prevalence included medical prescriptions, polypharmacy, medications supplied by the Brazilian National Health System, and black skin colour (specifically, being of African descent).
The 2012 Beers criteria identified more PIMs than the STOPP criteria. This difference highlights the need to develop national criteria.
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