RESUMOOBJETIVO: Realizar a validação de conteúdo dos Critérios de Beers 2012 e STOPP 2006 para a obtenção de critérios nacionais de classificação de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI) para idosos. MÉTODOS: A técnica Delphi modificada em duas etapas foi utilizada para o estabelecimento do Consenso Brasileiro de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados para Idosos, com base nos critérios de Beers 2012 e STOPP 2006. O painel de especialistas foi composto por dez indivíduos. Utilizou-se um questionário eletrônico em que cada especialista emitiu uma nota, por meio de uma escala de Likert de cinco pontos. Na primeira etapa Delphi, os participantes foram solicitados a avaliar a inadequação potencial de uma lista preliminar de medicamentos e propor sugestões. Posteriormente, calculou-se a média das notas e o respectivo IC de 95% para cada critério. Foram encaminhados para a segunda rodada os critérios com limite máximo de IC95% < 4,0. Todos os medicamentos contidos em critérios com um limite mínimo de IC95% ≥ 4,0 na segunda rodada foram classificados como potencialmente inapropriados. RESULTADOS: Os critérios que não obtiveram consenso foram: uso de aspirina para a prevenção primária de eventos cardiovasculares, prescrição de escala móvel de insulina, uso de alfa-bloqueadores, estrógenos orais ou transdérmicos para idosos com incontinência urinária e antidepressivos tricíclicos para aqueles com retenção urinária. Ao final, foram totalizados 118 critérios, sendo 43 independentes de condição clínica e 75 dependentes de condição clínica/doença dos idosos. CONCLUSÃO: Foi realizada a validação de conteúdo de critérios de medicamentos que devem ser evitados em idosos. Esses dados podem otimizar a prescrição de medicamentos nessa população. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: lista de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados; idoso; Brasil. An electronic questionnaire was used, in which each expert scored the criteria through a 5-points Likert scale. In the first round, the participants were asked to assess the potential inadequacy of a preliminary list of medicines and propose suggestions. Then, for each criterion, the scores mean was calculated and its respective 95% CI. The criteria with a 95% CI < 4,0 upper limit were submitted to the second round. All medicines in the criteria with a 95% CI ≥ 4,0 lower limit, in the second round, were classified as potentially inappropriate. RESULTS: The criteria that did not reach consensus were: aspirin use for primary prevention of cardiovascular events, sliding scale insulin prescription and the use of alpha-blockers, oral or transdermal estrogens and tricyclic antidepressants for the elderly with urinary tract incontinence. At the end, there were 118 criteria, in which 43 were independent from clinical conditions and 75 were dependent from clinical conditions/disease of the elderly. CONCLUSION: It was validated a criteria of medicines that should be avoided in the elderly. These data can optimize the medicines prescription in this population.

The data collected in this study indicated a high prevalence of the use of PIM. The factors that contributed the most to this prevalence included medical prescriptions, polypharmacy, medications supplied by the Brazilian National Health System, and black skin colour (specifically, being of African descent).

The 2012 Beers criteria identified more PIMs than the STOPP criteria. This difference highlights the need to develop national criteria.

No abstract

Peginterferon alfa plus ribavirin is currently the treatment of choice for chronic hepatitis C. Peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) plus ribavirin has given an overall sustained virological response of 18% in F3/F4 previous nonresponder US patients. We evaluated the effectiveness of peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) plus ribavirin in Brazilian patients who were relapsers or nonresponders to previous interferon-based therapy. One-hundred-thirty-four patients with biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis C, HCV RNA positive, elevated ALT and who were either relapsers (n=37) or nonresponders (n=97) to at least 24 weeks of conventional interferon/ribavirin therapy were retreated with peginterferon alfa2a (40KD) 180mg/qw and ribavirin 800mg bid for 48 weeks. Efficacy was assessed as virological response (defined as undetectable HCV RNA) at the end of treatment (EoT) and at the end of followup (SVR -Sustained Virological Response). Safety assessments consisted of clinical and laboratory evaluations. In the patient sample, 72% were genotype 1 and 34% were cirrhotic. In an intention-totreat analysis, relapser patients showed 78% EoT response and 51% SVR. Nonresponders showed 57% EoT response and 26% SVR. Positive predictive factors of SVR were non-1 genotype and relapser state. Six percent of the patients interrupted treatment because of adverse events and 45% had dose reduction (mainly associated with leucopenia and anemia). Brazilian patient relapsers and nonresponders to conventional interferon and ribavirin treatment can achieve a sustained virological response when retreated with peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) and ribavirin. The safety profile is similar to that of naive patients.

No abstract

No abstract

Background: Ultra-processed foods are industrial formulations made from food extracts or constituents with little or no intact food and often containing additives that confer hyper-palatability. The consumption of these products increases the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Stressed people may engage in unhealthy eating as a way to cope. This study aimed to verify whether ultra-processed food consumption was associated with perceived stress levels in industrial and retail workers from Vitoria da Conquista, Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out between July 2017 and August 2018. During the study period, 1270 participants completed a survey administered by an interviewer. Stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale. Information regarding weekly ultra-processed food consumption was collected. Ultra-processed foods were classified into four groups: sugary drinks; sugary foods; fast foods; and canned foods, frozen foods, or processed meat. The Student’s t-test or one-way analysis of variance was used to assess the differences in stress levels and ultra-processed food consumption. Ordinal regression was used to determine the association between the degrees of stress and ultra-processed food consumption levels. Results: Factors such as a young age, being unmarried, smoking, high-risk alcohol consumption, negative health perception, and high perceived stress level indicated higher rates of ultra-processed food consumption. Ordinal regression analysis showed that high stress levels were associated with increased odds of higher ultra-processed food consumption (odds ratio: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.54–2.45). Conclusions: These findings could help identify appropriate target areas for interventions aimed at mental health promotion and healthier food consumption.