Desastres naturais e saúde: uma análise da situação do Brasil Natural disasters and health: an analysis of the situation in Brazil (meteorological; hydrological; climatological; geophysical/ geological)
O Brasil, mesmo com os avanços nos indicadores socioeconômicos ainda se apresenta desigual, situação fruto de um desenvolvimento historicamente excludente. Foi escolhido o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e indicadores sociais, econômicos, ambientais e de saúde para exemplificar essa problemática. Foram selecionados os municípios que apresentavam mais baixos IDHs no ano de 2000 e comparada sua evolução temporal entre 2000 e 2010 por meio de indicadores relacionados aos pilares econômico, ambiental e social do desenvolvimento sustentável. Estes possuem um IDH classificado como baixo (<0.500) e correspondem a países como Laos, Iêmen, Haiti e Madagascar. No âmbito nacional, verificou-se, entre o início dos anos 2000 e o fim dessa década, uma importante melhora do indicador do pilar econômico (diminuição de 23,9% para 8,9% de pessoas vivendo com menos de 1/4 de salário mínimo), sendo que os indicadores referentes aos pilares social (aumento de 86,5% para 90,2% de mulheres alfabetizadas) e ambiental (aumento de 81% para 85% no acesso a rede geral de água), também apresentaram melhoria, embora em menor grau. Concluiu-se que para alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável e com qualidade de vida, a melhora dos indicadores de saneamento e de educação deve ser uma prioridade para o Brasil.
Objective: to analyze the impact on pregnant/parturient women's obstetric and neonatal outcomes resulting from displacement between homes and health services. Methods: an integrative review was carried out in August 2020 on the following databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/PubMed, Science Direct and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature/Virtual Health Library, using controlled descriptors and keywords. Besides, a quantitative descriptive analysis of the main results was performed using the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires software. Results: the sample resulted in 20 articles. It was evidenced that the mobility of women is hampered by distance between home and health services, precarious transport, and living in socioeconomically disadvantaged places. Conclusion: difficulty in mobility is a crucial factor that explains the adverse maternal and neonatal impact.
A pesquisa tem por objetivo descrever a dinâmica espaço-temporal dos óbitos por câncer de esôfago na região Sul do Brasil, a partir de sexo e faixa etária, durante os anos de 2007 a 2017, e segundo municípios de residência. A pesquisa trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem metodológica quantitativa. A distribuição temporal anual de casos é contínua e a distribuição espacial de taxas de mortalidade é concentrada nas mesorregiões do Noroeste Rio-Grandense, Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre e Centro Oriental Rio-Grandense para ambos os sexos. A maior mortalidade é masculina, seguindo a tendência mundial e brasileira. Se concentram na faixa etária dos 75-79 anos os óbitos femininos e aos 60-64 anos os masculinos no Rio Grande do Sul. No Paraná e em Santa Catarina, o ápice de óbitos de mulheres é na faixa dos 65-69 anos e o dos homens é aos 60-64 anos. Esta pesquisa atualiza o perfil epidemiológico da região.
Objective.
To identify the 2022 recommendations made by ministries of health in the 13 countries and areas of South America for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer screening.
Methods.
A systematic review of scientific literature and official documents was conducted between July 7 and October 17, 2022. The review included an initial search on official websites (e.g. ministries of health, national cancer institutes and health departments) of South American countries to identify current guidelines or recommendations for HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening.
Results.
Recommendations for HPV vaccination were found for 11 countries, with the exceptions of French Guiana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Recommendations were found for cervical cancer screening in official documents from 11 countries, with the exceptions of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, where one article was found that was not an official recommendation, and Suriname, for which no documents were found on websites or in other publications. A total of 12 countries use cytology to screen for cervical cancer. Four countries (Bolivia [Plurinational State of], Colombia, Guyana and Peru) use visual inspection with acetic acid and the screen-and-treat strategy. Six countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru) are transitioning from cytology to HPV testing.
Conclusions.
No documents were found about a national HPV vaccination program in French Guiana and Venezuela, and no official guidelines for cervical cancer screening were found for Suriname and Venezuela; thus, it will be difficult to eliminate this public health problem in these countries. Countries in South America must update their guidelines for HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening as new evidence emerges. Official websites with information about HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening are important sources that can be accessed by health professionals and the population.
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