ResumoComportamentos de brincadeira são fáceis de identificar, mas difíceis de definir. Sua ocorrência é mais freqüente em animais jovens, apresentando algumas características comuns: falta de função aparente, utilização de comportamentos específicos da espécie de forma exagerada em intensidade ou número de repetições. Estudamos a brincadeira em uma espécie pouco conhecida, o boto cinza, durante 18 meses, na Praia de Pipa, RN. Definimos seis categorias de brincadeira: com objeto, de forrageio, locomotora, surf, social e de impulsão. Os comportamentos descritos ocorreram quando havia filhotes nos grupos observados. Sugerimos que alguns tipos de brincadeira possibilitam o exercício da musculatura, enquanto que outras também permitem o desenvolvimento de relações sociais. A brincadeira com objetos e de forrageio treinam o animal para a pesca, habilidade complexa que deve dominar antes de se tornar independente. Nossos dados sugerem que, à semelhança dos mamíferos terrestres, nos mamíferos aquáticos a brincadeira tem função adaptativa, preparando o indivíduo para a vida adulta.Palavras-chave: Boto cinza, Brincadeira, Habilidades de forrageio, Animais imaturos. AbstractIdentification and description of play in a scarcely studied species, the tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis) in a field site Play behavior are easy to identify but difficult to define. It is more frequently displayed by young animals and present some distinguished characteristics: no apparent function and exaggerated repetition or intensity of species-specific behaviors. We studied play behavior in a scarcely studied species, the tucuxi, during 18 months at Pipa, RN, Brazil . We defined six categories: object, foraging, locomotor, social and impulsion play plus surf. The behaviors described occurred only when immatures were present in the observed groups. We suggest that some kinds of play exercise the muscles while others also allow for the development of social interactions. Object and foraging play are opportunities for training of fishing abilities which the animal must master before becoming independent. Our data suggest that, like terrestrial mammals, in marine mammals paly has an adptive function, preparing the individual for adult life.
ResumoA neofobia alimentar é um comportamento de cautela quanto à ingestão de alimentos desconhecidos. Homens e mulheres apresentam diferenças comportamentais, embora as pesquisas sobre a resposta neofóbica apontem controvérsias. Neste estudo, 266 indivíduos realizaram uma tarefa de escolha entre dois alimentos, um familiar e outro não-familiar, e responderam a uma escala de neofobia, a fim de investigar as diferenças de gênero. Os resultados indicaram que as mulheres são mais neofóbicas que os homens, o que corrobora os dados anteriores sobre o comportamento alimentar e pode estar relacionado ao papel feminino de seleção e preparo do alimento no âmbito familiar. Palavras-chave: Neofobia alimentar; Comportamento alimentar; Diferença entre gêneros. Eating or not eating, that's the question: gender differences on food neophobia AbstractFeeding neophobia represents a cautious behavior towards unknown food. Although men and women show behavioral differences, relating feeding neophobia data on neophobic response are controversial. In this study, in order to investigating gender differences, 266 individuals were tested on a two food choosing task between a familiar and an unfamiliar food items, and also were required to fill in a food neophobia scale. Results indicate that women are more neophobic than men confirming previous research data on feeding behavior. This might be related to females' role to selecting and preparing food in the family context.
The coloration pattern of the estuarine dolphin, Sotalia guianensis, does not display variations in its distribution and the colour grey, as its common name suggests, is predominant. On the coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte a dolphin was sighted with atypical coloration in relation to animals from that region. After observing its morphological characteristics, it was verified that the animal was a white specimen of S. guianensis. Although photographic recordings were made, the reddish coloration of the eye cannot be confirmed, a characteristic that would identify the animal as an albino dolphin. Despite not being very frequent, cases of coloration anomalies such as albinism have been previously recorded in 20 species of cetaceans. However, there have been no cases recorded for the estuarine dolphin.
Evolutionary Psychology studies suggest that women prefer slightly older or similarly aged partners, although to date few hypotheses have been put forth to explain this pattern of choice. Several recent studies have shown changes in male reproductive parameters as a result of increased age. In the current review of medical literature, we found evidence that much older men are more likely to be infertile, women with much older partners are more likely to experience problems during pregnancy, and children of much older men are more likely to have genetic abnormalities. Based on these findings, we suggest that reproducing with much older men does not represent the best reproductive option for women, which would explain the female preference for only slightly older or similarly-aged mates.Keywords: sexual selection; mate choice; reproductive behavior; age preference. ResumoPor que mulheres não preferem homens muito mais velhos que elas? Uma hipótese baseada em alterações da fisiologia reprodutiva masculina relacionadas ao aumento da idade. Estudos de Psicologia Evolucionista sugerem que as mulheres preferem parceiros um pouco mais velhos ou de idade semelhante, embora apresentem, até agora, poucas hipóteses para explicar esse padrão de preferência. Recentemente, vários estudos têm demonstrado alterações nos parâmetros reprodutivos masculinos como resultado do aumento da idade. Em revisão da literatura médica atual, encontramos evidências de que homens muito mais velhos são mais susceptíveis de serem inférteis, mulheres com parceiros muito mais velhos são mais propensas a sofrer com problemas durante a gravidez e filhos de homens muito mais velhos são mais propensos a ter anomalias genéticas. Com base nestes resultados, sugerimos que reproduzir com homens muito mais velhos não representa a melhor opção reprodutiva para as mulheres, o que explicaria a preferência feminina por parceiros apenas um pouco mais velhos ou de mesma faixa etária.Palavras-chave: seleção sexual; escolha de parceiros; comportamento reprodutivo; preferência de idade.
The first record of prey-transfer behaviour between adult and calf animals in Sotalia fluviatilis is recorded. Five clear episodes of prey-transfer from adult animals to calves were observed, occurring in north-eastern Brazil at Pipa's Beach. These results suggest that food-sharing is a naturally occurring behaviour in the marine tucuxi dolphin, and that it may act as both a food supply and as an opportunity to obtain information about the food that is eaten by other group members.
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