. The aim of this study was to determine levels of body mass index, spinal alterations, and ocular myopia in the Primary school population of the province of Granada (Spain) as well as any possible sex and age related variations. Two thousand nine hundred fifty-six children [1,481 boys (50.1%) and 1,475 girls (49.9%)] aged 9.61±1.21 years (8-12) from 19 schools in the province of Granada, took part in this study. The body height and body mass were measured and body mass index was calculated as general anthropometric parameters. Adams Test and Snellen's E test were used to detect spine alterations and visual acuity respectively. The results showed that 26.3% of the children were overweight or obese, 24.5% had spinal disorders (16% scoliosis and 8.5% hyperkyphosis; p<0.002), and 12.5% ocular disorders. Girls had higher rates of Underweight and obese than boys (p<0.000). Boys had higher rates of scoliosis than girls (p<0.002). No statistically differences were found in the use of corrective glasses between boys and girls. Children with hyperkyphosis were more obese. The results indicate the need to develop training and physical exercise programmes to prevent and treat child obesity, and spinal alterations.
En el presente trabajo, pretendimos mejorar los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en un contexto, como el cubano, en el que se aprecian carencias materiales, por lo que analizamos y evaluamos los diferentes elementos del proceso sobre los que podríamos intervenir de cara a optimizar los recursos educativos para así conseguir un mayor rendimiento en nuestros alumnos. El estudio se realizó en la Provincia de Cienfuegos, Cuba. En el comparamos los resultados que se obtenían a través de dos metodologías. Una de ellas era la metodología habitual orientada por las directrices curriculares para Educación Primaria y la otra una adaptación, a través de un programa de estrategias centradas, fundamentalmente, en variabilidad práctica, contextual y diseño de actividades con objetivos compartidos. En nuestro estudio, concluimos que se pueden optimizar los recursos a través de este tipo de trabajo, aunque, igualmente, consideramos necesarias modificaciones en los sistemas de evaluación.
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