The effectiveness of massage for postexercise recovery remains unclear, despite numerous studies on this issue. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of massage on endocrine and immune functions of healthy active volunteers after intense exercise. After repeated Wingate tests, the effects of whole-body massage and placebo on salivary cortisol, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and total protein levels were compared using a between-group design. Sixty healthy active subjects (23 women, 37 men) underwent 2 exercise protocol sessions at least 2 weeks apart and at the same time of day. The first session familiarized participants with the protocol. In the second session, after a baseline measurement, subjects performed a standardized warm-up followed by three 30-second Wingate tests. After active recovery, subjects were randomly allocated to massage (40-minute myofascial induction) or placebo (40-minute sham electrotherapy) group. Saliva samples were taken before and after the exercise protocols and after recovery. In both groups, the exercise protocol induced a significant increase in cortisol (p < 0.001), decrease in salivary IgA (sIgA) (p < 0.001), and increase in total proteins (p = 0.01) in saliva. Generalized estimating equations showed a significant effect of massage on sIgA rate (p = 0.05), a tendency toward significant effect on salivary total protein levels (p = 0.10), and no effect on salivary flow rate (p = 0.55) or salivary cortisol (p = 0.39). The sIgA secretion rate was higher after the recovery intervention than at baseline among women in the massage group (p = 0.03) but similar to baseline levels among women in the placebo group (p = 0.29). Massage may favor recovery from the transient immunosuppression state induced by exercise in healthy active women, of particular value between high-intensity training sessions or competitions on the same day.
Three thiosemicarbazone derivatives, namely 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde 4,4-dimethylthiosemicarbazone (HL 1 ), 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HL 2 ), and 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde 4methylthiosemicarbazone (HL 3 ), have been synthesized and characterized. The three palladium(II) complexes 1−3 were prepared respectively from HL 1 , HL 2 , and HL 3 . The crystal structures of two coordination compounds, namely Pd(L 2 ) 2 (2) and Pd(L 3 ) 2 (3), were obtained, which showed the expected square-planar environment for the metal centers. The ligand HL 3 and the Pd(II) complexes 1−3, which are stable in buffered solutions containing up to 5% DMSO, exhibit remarkable inhibitory properties against the aggregation of amyloid-β, reducing the formation of fibrils. HL 1 , HL 3 , 2, and 3 display IC 50 values (i.e., the concentrations required to reduce Aβ fibrillation by 50%) below 1 μM, lower that of the reference compound catechin (IC 50 = 2.8 μM). Finally, in cellulo studies with E. coli cells revealed that the palladium(II) compounds are significantly more efficient than the free ligands in inhibiting Aβ aggregation inside bacterial inclusion bodies, thus illustrating a beneficial effect of metal coordination.
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