Over the last few years Portugal has been developing several wine routes, each one with its unique structure. Despite such development, research has been scant, particularly in evaluating their performance. This study uses the Bairrada Wine Route as a case study and attempts to make the ®rst evaluation of the route. In doing this the study gathered data from winery managers about a number of issues. These included their initial objectives when their wineries joined the route; the problems and constraints that they have faced since then and the level of satisfaction with the route, especially regarding the investments made and jobs created. Additionally the study obtained their views on the actual management model for the route; advantages for their business; their views on current signage; partnerships and collaborations developed, and levels of demand. The study also gathered information about perspectives on the future of the route. The study was carried out in two stages. During the preliminary stage exploratory interviews were used and meetings attended in order to get an overview of the subject. During the second stage of data collection in-depth interviews were conducted as well as observations at the wineries. The interviews were done with the managers of the wineries. The data collected allowed the development of the ®rst evaluation of the Bairrada Wine Route.

The object of the present study was to investigate the influence of zinc coatings on steel sheets during fretting fatigue and fatigue tests. The influence of the fatigue stress range, normal pressure and amplitude of slip, on the fracture life was studied for both coated and uncoated EN H320 M steel. The wear produced by fretting was measured and compared with the fracture life evolution for different values of slip amplitude. The wear scars and the fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy to identify the degradation mechanism. Although zinc films do not influence the fatigue life of the tested steel, when fretting is superposed on to a fatigue stress the coating markedly improves the fracture life.

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Neste livro analisam-se diferentes repertórios de atuação do Estado Novo no campo das obras públicas, da arquitetura ao urbanismo, passando pela intervenção em monumentos nacionais. Congregando vinte autores de distintas gerações e formações, pretende-se oferecer um ponto de situação, ainda que sempre parcelar e provisório, do conhecimento sobre os múltiplos programas desenvolvidos durante o regime, os quais tiveram, a diversas escalas, consequências na organização do espaço e do território português. Potenciar a sua leitura integrada constitui um dos principais objetivos deste volume. Em segundo lugar, visa-se evidenciar, acolhendo como vantajosa a existência de múltiplos posicionamentos analíticos, os denominadores comuns e os territórios de dissenso, os diferentes referentes teóricos e metodologias mobilizadas para compreender este objeto de estudo multifacetado. Rejeitando possíveis leituras unívocas, a materialização deste retrato poliédrico da historiografia nacional procura, antes, contribuir para (re)imaginar um horizonte de investigação, idealmente transdisciplinar, comparativo e colaborativo.

The European urban institutions have always negotiated a balance between collective control and individual initiative. However, over the last seven decades this balance has been challenged. In the aftermath of World War II, the utopia of the functional city was hijacked to serve the welfare policies of the states sponsored by the Marshall Plan. Both in urban extension as in urban renewal, technocratic planning approaches were encouraged to back up a political program of de-urbanization inspired by the nemesis of the European city, the American suburbia. Eventually, in the 1980s, the paradigm of the state as provider shifted to the paradigm of the state as enabler. The European city became nothing but a commodity where the state performs as facilitator for the consolidation of the hegemony of the markets. Against this background, the articles published in this issue of Joelho offer critical contributions to understand the production and reproduction of approaches to the (re-) definition of the identity of the European city. With insightful approaches springing from different intellectual perspectives, they expand the debate on one of the fundamental achievements of Western civilization: the European city as a place of coexistence.