Study Design: Systematic review. Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes following discectomy and anterior cervical fusion for the treatment of cervical degenerative disorder performed with stand-alone cages and anterior cervical plates. Methods: Electronic searches were performed in the MEDLINE, LILACS, and Cochrane Systematic Reviews databases, according to PRISMA guidelines, with no language or date restriction. The review was registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42018109180. Results: Six randomized clinical trials were selected, which evaluated at least one of the objectives of this work, such as pain control, bone consolidation, neurological symptoms, and cervical lordosis, thus satisfying the inclusion criteria. Articles that did not directly compare the 2 surgical techniques were excluded. A total of 309 patients were included and the results showed no significant difference in clinical (visual analogue scale and neck disability index) or radiological (cervical lordosis and fusion) outcome between the 2 groups. The operative time was shorter in the group with stand-alone cages (mean difference = −18.40; 95% CI = [−24.89, −11.92]; P < .66). Conclusion: The stand-alone cages and anterior cervical plate techniques have similar clinical and radiological outcomes. Despite the significantly shorter operative time for one group, other randomized clinical trials are needed to establish conclusive evidence in favor of one of the comparative treatments.
Seitdem Ascho]] und Landau im Jahre 1913 zum ersten Male den Ausdruck ,,Reticuloendotheliales System" gebrauchten, mehren sich von Tag zu Tag die experimentellen Untersuchungen, welche zur Klarlegung seiner Beziehungen unternommen werden. Die yon Ribbert und Goldmann eingefiihrte und besonders vonKiyono, Sehulemann und Kuczynski verbesserte Methode der Vitalfiirbung hat in der Morphologie dieses Systems zu wichtigen Festst~llungen geffihrt. Es folgt eine andere, weitsehweifende Reihe yon Untersuchungen, welche sich zum Ziele setzte, die Fun ktion des reticuloendothelialen Systems festzustellen. Auf noch grSi]ere Schwierigkeiten stie6 die Kennzeichnung dieses Systems yon biologischen Standpunkten aus. ]mmerhin sind wir aueh in dieser Beziehung gut unterrichtet. Wir kennen die Rolle des reticuloendothelialen Systems bei der Blutbildung dank der Forschungen yon Katznelson, K6licker, Hunter, Eppinger u.a. Kodama, Makino, Whipple u.a. wiesen auf die Rolle des retieuloendothelialen Systems bei der Bildung der Gallenfarbstoffe hin. Die Feststellung der Wiehtigkeit des reticuloendothelialen Systems bei dem Sto/fwechsel tier lipoiden Sto//e und insbesonders des Cholesterins ist neben Eppinger, Siegmund, Soper, Mac Adam das Verdienst der russischen Schule (Anitschko]], Okune/] u, a.). Es wird ihm aueh eine wichtige Rolle in dem Endabbau der letzten Eiwei6molekiile zugeschrieben. Der StofL wechsel des Wassers sowie des Eisens wird ebenfalls yore reticuloendothelialen System beherrscht. Die Wichtigkeit der Funktion des reticuloendothelialen Systems in der Immunbiologie beansprucht eine besondere Wiirdigung. So steht die natfirliche oder erworbene Widerstandsf~higkeit des Organismus in 456 J. Voicu, A. Vit~lyos und L. Boer: Untersuchungen fiber die Funktion Beziehung zam Funktionszustande des Systems. Die Arbeiten yon Leitis, Bieling, Schoflberger und Riabow zeigten die MSgliehkeit, dab die Resistenz des Organismus durch Stoffe beeinflul~t wird, welche das reticuloendotheliale System bloekieren. Die Bildung der Antigene und AntikSrper (Kurt Meyer, Heimann, Stein/eld) steht in Beziehung zum reticuloendothelialen System. Die Physiopathologie des retieuloendothelialen Systems ist ein ebenso grol~es Kapitel wie die allgemeine ~Pathologie selbst. So haben Konstitution und Habitus ihre Wurzeln im reticuloendothelialen System. Rachitis, Osteo-und Chondrodystrophien, der Paltau/sche Status lymphaticus, der arthritisehe und sklerSse Habitus linden ihre Erkli~rung in einer Sehwi~che oder Affektion des reticuloendothelialen Systems, die angeboren oder erworben sein kann. Verschiedene hepatolienale Syndrome (die Gauchersehe, Piclc-Niemandsche, Schiillersche Krankheit sowie einzelne Cirrhosen) lassen sich, was ihren Ursprung betrifft, auf eine Erkrankung des retieuloendothelialen Systems zuriickfiihren. Erkrankung des Herz-Blutgef~apparates (die sog. hi~morrhagiparen Syndrome) entstehen hs aus einer Schw~che des reticuloendothelialen Systems. Das reticuloendotheliale System spielt eine entscheidende ]%olle in dem groflen Abwehrkamp/e des ...
SUMMARY:There is a great variety of injuries that affect peripheral nerves derived from acquired or congenital degenerative diseases affecting the central nervous system that cause loss of sensorimotor functions. The objective of this work was to perform an endto-side or side-to-side experimental axonal stereological study in order to compare volume density of axons, endouneuro and myelin sheath (and muscle mass) in peroneal and tibial nerves, with anastomosis contact from 0.25 cm to 0.50 cm. After approval of the Ethics Committe, 20 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of five rats each (G1= end-to-side neurorrhaphy; G2= side-to-side neurorrhaphy of 0.25 cm; G3= side-to-side neurorrhaphy of 0 cm and G4= Control of normality). After 180 days, fragments of peroneal and tibial nerves were collected for histological and stereological study. In comparative stereological experimental study between neurorraphies, the volume density of axons, myelin sheath of tibial and fibular nerves, as well as the post-surgical muscle mass, remains the same in end-to-side and side-to-side neurorraphies, regardless of contact area of anastomosis. It can be inferred, as surgical repair options, both end-to-side neurorrhaphy to recover and prevents atrophy of the endplate as side-to-side neurorraphy that is independent of the distance between the nerve stumps.
Introdução: A Propionibacterium acnes é uma bactéria causadora da acne. Devido aos efeitos colaterais ou à falta de resposta ao tratamento da acne, foi proposta a terapia fotodinâmica como um tratamento alternativo para a acne. Objetivo: O objetivo foi evidenciar a ação fotodinâmica do LED vermelho 660 nm e do fotossensibilizador azul de metileno sobre Propionibacterium acnes in vitro. Métodos: Os ensaios foram constituídos por quatro grupos: 1. controle (sem aplicação de luz e sem fotossensibilizador); 2. com aplicação de luz; 3. com fotossensibilizador e sem aplicação de luz; 4. com fotossensibilizador e com aplicação de luz. Os ensaios foram submetidos a aplicação de luz por 4 ciclos de 5 minutos com intervalos de 3 minutos. Resultados: Houve redução estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) nas médias dos grupos 1, 2 e 4, ainda que o grupo 3 não tenha apresentado significância estatística, mas houve redução detectada nas médias. Conclusão: A ação fotodinâmica é eficiente para a destruição do material biológico por irradiação a 660nm atribuída ao processo de fotossensibilização pela presença do fotossensibilizador.
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