The construction of a building is an activity that involves multiple parties in a constant decision process which lead to a certain economic, social and environmental impact. During the initial project phase the decisions have a greater importance on a building, so it is necessary that different designers can use a centralized information model, allowed by Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology. The study evaluates the capabilities of BIM on the use of precise and updated information related to the construction solutions of exterior walls and floors, throughout the management of the building life-cycle, namely, in the perspective of an energetic simulation. The work carried out involves the creation of a BIM model and the establishment of a library of parametric objects representative of current walls and floors. The information introduced in the model, together with the parameters, concerning physical proprieties, added to the walls and floor objects, are used in the development of sustainability tasks supported in the BIM model. The main advantages are identified when comparing alternative constructive solutions, and shown BIM ability to support decisions by stakeholders during the development of a project.
O documento assinado em Atenas em 1931, que ficou conhecido por «Carta de Atenas», foi de grande importância para a proteção do património histórico em todo o mundo, com a criação de legislação adequada, criteriosas ações de restauro e novas técnicas de conservação, numa ampla colaboração internacional que hoje prossegue, agora sob a esclarecida e dinâmica proteção da Unesco. O Egito, um dos países mais ricos em monumentos e outros vestígios do passado, acompanhou desde o início as preocupações da reunião e levou à prática as recomendações essenciais contidas na «Carta de Atenas», ficando como exemplo o episódio da descoberta e estudo do túmulo do rei Tutankhamon em 1922.
The research analyzes the relationship between rural work gender and education level based on microdata from the Brazilian Federal Government's General Register of Employed and Unemployed. Using data from employment in the states of Ceará and São Paulo as a case study, the descriptive analysis from the demand curve confirms that male workers have higher average salary level than female workers, in rural areas and also in urban areas, regardless of schooling. The research used the calculation of the price elasticity of demand coefficient to capture the behavior of employment in response to wage variations and showed that for illiterate workers job is more stable in Ceará regardless of gender. On the other hand, for São Paulo illiterate workers have less job stability. For workers with incomplete elementary education, the demand for men and women is inelastic for both Ceará and São Paulo. The cross-elasticity coefficients showed that the higher the level of education, the lower the possibility of discrimination as both gender are considered substitute factors of production.
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