Shade selection is one of the important aspect of esthetic dentistry. In present scenario patient seeks dental treatment under two situations: pain and esthetics. For esthetics every dentist should know the shade matching procedures. Shade matching includes knowledge of Color (hue, value and chroma), Translucency and opacity Gloss, Surface toughness, Opalescence, Iridescence, Fluorescence and Luminescence Phosphorescence and Metamerism. The aim of this article is to ‘open the doors of perception’ so that the entire dental team can comprehend and use color in daily practice and proper shade selection can be done to provide good esthetics to patient.

Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that are able to differentiate into specialized cells and has the ability to divide (through mitosis) to produce extra stem cells [1]. It is the ancestor at the top of the family tree of related cell types. Stem cells research is based on the knowledge about how a single cell leads to development of an organism and how damaged cells get replaced by healthy cells in adult organisms [2]. Based on the stage at which they are isolated stem cells can be categorized as embryogenic stem cells (ESCs) or adult stem cells. Embryogenic stem cells are totipotent being derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst during gastrulation. Even after having the greatest biological potential, ethical issue on the use of ESCs has precluded their widespread study, especially in humans [3]. These are obtained from in vitro fertilization, or aborted embryos 3 or 4 day old embryo [4]. Adult stem cells are derived from postnatal fully developed tissue and are believed to renew cell populations, Recent and exciting new discoveries place dentists at the forefront of helping their patients benefit from potentially life-saving therapies derived from stem cells. The tooth is store house for these precious stem cells, and there is an abundance of these cells in baby teeth, wisdom teeth, and permanent teeth. Obtaining stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) is simple and convenient, with little or no trauma. SHEDs exhibit higher proliferative rate than bone marrow-derived MSCs and greater osteogenic differentiation potency than human dental pulp stem cells.

Tooth brush has been an integral part of a daily routine across many cultures around the world from the times of antiquity to the 21st century. Over the years, several types of toothbrush has been invented. Some of the them are useful for physically and physically and mentally handicapped children The aim of this review article is to describe toothbrush design and various modifications that have been made in the several years.

Minimally invasive procedures are the new paradigm in health care. Everything from heart bypasses to gall bladder, surgeries are being performed with these dynamic new techniques. Dentistry is joining this exciting revolution as well. Minimally invasive dentistry adopts a philosophy that integrates prevention, remineralisation and minimal intervention for the placement and replacement of restorations. Minimally invasive dentistry reaches the treatment objective using the least invasive surgical approach, with the removal of the minimal amount of healthy tissues. This paper reviews in brief the concept of minimal intervention in dentistry.

A subcommittee of the Drug and Therapeutics committee has been established to review drug allergies and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) encountered in the hospital. The multidisciplinary team consists of a consultant immunologist, general medical practitioner, allergy team pharmacist(s), director of pharmacy (organisational Governance representative), allergy nurse, and external expert (senior university staff ).The ADR review group was established 5 years ago and meets bimonthly. Staffs are encouraged to report hospital encountered allergies/ADRs to the group who takes varied and appropriate actions and interventions. Various tools have been developed via this group to better manage drug allergies, and projects and publications have ensued.A form has been developed and widely made available to the organisation, to be completed by any healthcare professional, who encounters a patient with ADR/drug allergy. The completed forms are submitted to the allergy pharmacist who collates them and presents them to the group at the bimonthly ADR group meetings. Each reported ADR is discussed in detail and appropriate action implemented. This includes updating patient hospital records, reporting to the national Pharmacovigilance database and providing feedback to General Practitioners, patients and carers.This group also monitors new research, trends in ADR reports, provide feedback to clinical teams, and undertakes research and service improvement projects. The group also undertakes and organises education of the hospital staff regarding allergies and ADR management.The ADR review group works as an advocate for improved patient safety and the prevention of drug errors. The group works closely with ASCIA representatives to share learnings and initiatives. We feel other institutions would benefit from a similar structure. TEN is an extremely rare complication of drug treatment (estimated at 1-2 cases per million each year). 1 Chronic non-granulomatous supraglottitis is an unusual disease rarely reported in paediatric medical literature. P18 A RARE CASE OF CHRONIC NON GRANULOMATOUS SUPRAGLOTTITIS AND TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS (TEN) SECONDARY TO ITS TREATMENT IN A TEENAGE GIRL 2Case history: A 13-year-old girl presented to our regional hospital on 6 February 2017 with gradually worsening history of dysphonia, lethargy, and weight loss (7.3%) since October 2016. She had two courses of oral Augmentin-duo for ongoing symptoms of fever, dyspnoea and cough by November 2016. A chest X-ray was suggestive of left sided consolidation at the time. Paired sera 4 weeks apart in January and February showed positive IgA, IgG and negative IgM antibody titres to Chlamydiae Pneumoniae and she was given a 5-week course of doxycycline for a presumptive diagnosis of atypical pneumonia. Cough, dyspnoea and chest X-ray abnormalities resolved by January 2011. Her only significant past medical history was eczema.Systemic examination was normal except mild inspiratory stridor. Direct flexible laryngoscopy (DFL) revealed appearance of supraglottitis. She...

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Dental pain is the most common reason due to which patient seek dental treatment. Pain occur due to diseases involving pulp and periradicular tissues, as this tissues are richly innervated and have ample of blood supply. Also it is enclosed by surrounding tissues that are incapable of expanding, such as dentin and also has terminal blood flow and small-gauge circulatory access the periapex. All of these characteristics severely constrain the defensive capacity of the pulp tissue when faced with the different aggressions it may be subjected to. In addition to above mentioned characterstics, pulp tissue can also be affected by a retrograde infection, arising from the secondary canaliculi, from the periodontal ligament or from the apex during the course of periodontitis. this review article basically concentrates on structure of pulp, classification of diseases related to pulp and periradicular tissue and detailed explanation of diseases

Leukoplakia is a potentially malignant disorder of the oral mucosa. It usually presents as a white patch in the oral cavity. The term leukoplakia represents a clinical entity and should preferably be used only for provisional diagnosis and not after histopathology. There are various terminologies and definitions associated with leukoplakia since past times. In this article, we have reviewed the literature to provide a comprehensive update on leukoplakia.