In the current work, dynamic studies of mass transfer of sulfur from the gas phase to the metal phase of pure iron through CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -FeO quaternary slag were carried out. X-ray videos were taken that were later processed to identify the oscillation of the metal drop occurring during the mass transfer. It was observed that the metal drop had hybrid oscillations. Each of these oscillations could be identified as composed of a symmetric and an asymmetric element, which was attributed to the changes in the shape of the droplet. The latter (asymmetric part) could be identified by the deviation of the left and right contact angles from the stable configuration. The symmetric oscillations were traced to the surface movement of sulfur at the interface, which created an instantaneous area change at the slag-metal interface. This area change was due to the combined effect of Marangoni flow and interface dilatation. The velocity of sulfur at the interface was calculated from the area change and had a maximum order of magnitude as 10 À4 m/s. It was also observed that the interfacial velocity increased with increase in temperature.
Density measurements of a low-silica CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 system were carried out using the Archimedes principle. A Pt 30 pct Rh bob and wire arrangement was used for this purpose. The results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained from the model developed in the current group as well as with other results reported earlier. The density for the CaO-SiO 2 and the CaO-Al 2 O 3 binary slag systems also was estimated from the ternary values. The extrapolation of density values for high-silica systems also showed good agreement with previous works. An estimation for the density value of CaO was made from the current experimental data. The density decrease at high temperatures was interpreted based on the silicate structure. As the mole percent of SiO 2 was below the 33 pct required for the orthosilicate composition, discrete SiO 4À 4 tetrahedral units in the silicate melt would exist along with O 2-ions. The change in melt expansivity may be attributed to the ionic expansions in the order ofStructural changes in the ternary slag also could be correlated to a drastic change in the value of enthalpy of mixing.
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