Density Measurements of Low Silica CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 Slags

Muhmood, Luckman; Seetharaman, Seshadri

doi:10.1007/s11663-010-9385-1

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Reynolds, Prandtl, Nusselts, and Grashoffs numbers, which are used in the heat and mass transfer calculations. 70) The relationship between density of the CaO-MnO-SiO2 slag at 1 773 and 1 873 K and ln (Q 3 /Q 2 ) value is shown in Fig. 16.…”

Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the molar volume (Vm), which is the reciprocal of density (Vm = M/ρ , where M is the molar mass of molten silicates), is a thermodynamic property and has direct reflections of Gibbs free energies of the oxide system. 1,22,[64][65][66][67][68][69][70] It is also an important thermodynamic quantity for calculating critical dimensionless numbers, viz. Reynolds, Prandtl, Nusselts, and Grashoffs numbers, which are used in the heat and mass transfer calculations.…”

Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure^|^ndash;Property Correlations of CaO^|^ndash;SiO2^|^ndash;MnO Slag Derived from Raman Spectroscopy

Park

2012

ISIJ Int.

108

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The quantitative structural information such as the relative abundance of silicate discrete anions (Q n units) and the concentration of three types of oxygens, viz. free-, bridging-and nonbridging oxygen can be obtained from micro-Raman spectra of the quenched CaO-SiO2-MnO glass samples. Various transport properties such as viscosity, density, and electrical conductivity can be expected as a simple linear function of 'ln (Q 3 /Q 2 ),' indicating that these thermophysical properties are strongly dependent on a degree of polymerization of silicate melts in the composition of silica content greater than about 30 mol%. The present methodology is believed to be widely extended to various slag systems in ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgical communities.KEY WORDS: silicate structure; Raman spectroscopy; viscosity; density; conductivity; Q 3 /Q 2 ratio; degree of polymerization.

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Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure^|^ndash;Property Correlations of CaO^|^ndash;SiO2^|^ndash;MnO Slag Derived from Raman Spectroscopy

Park

2012

ISIJ Int.

108

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“…The densities of calcium silicate-based melts are known to be in the order of ~10 6 g/m 3 , thus the molar volume should be in the range of 10 -5 m 3 /mol, depending on the system. [34][35][36][37] Therefore, it would be assumed that the energy generated by the rotating rod would be in the order of 10 -4 J/mol, which is extremely small and therefore not sufficient to overcome the activation energy of crystallization that in on the order of several tens to hundreds of kJ/ mol. [4][5][6]8,9) Additionally, the dependences of the crystallization temperatures on shear rate were found to be dissimilar, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Microstructural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Agitation on Crystallization Behavior of CaO^|^ndash;SiO2^|^ndash;R2O (R = Li, Na, or K) System Characterized by Electrical Capacitance Measurement

et al. 2012

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The effect of agitation on the crystallization behavior of molten 50CaO-50SiO2 and 45CaO-45SiO2-10R2O (R = Li, Na, or K, mol%) fluxes were systematically investigated by the measurement of their electrical capacitance over a wide temperature range from liquid region to well below the liquidus temperature. It is well known that the electrical capacitance of liquids is generally much higher than that of solids owing to the differences in their respective polarization mechanisms. These differences were exploited as a sensitive indicator of the crystallization of molten calcium silicates in an experimental furnace equipped with an electrical capacitance measuring system. The system comprised a Pt-based alloy crucible and a rotating rod that allowed evaluation of the effect of agitation generated by the rod, connected to a capacitance meter (LCR meter).As expected, at a particular temperature, the electrical capacitance of the molten calcium silicates underwent a precipitous decrease by roughly three orders of magnitude, which was dependent on the chemical composition. This indicated the presence of crystallization and this was confirmed by corresponding microstructural characterization. It was also found that, for the measurements acquired with rotating rod agitation, the temperatures at which the capacitance underwent the sharp decrease were higher than that identified without the agitation. This suggests that the agitation effect induced by the rotating rod accelerates the crystallization of molten calcium silicates.

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“…The average errors were reported during measurements to be of the order of ±0.03 g cm À3 . [13] The density of pure silver was measured by Lucas. [14] From a known weight of slag and metal, the height of the slag and metal layers can be determined from their respective densities at desired temperatures.…”

Section: A Height Ratio (H Slag /H Metal )mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proposal for a Novel Method to Measure the Diffusivity of Species in Slag

Muhmood

Nurni

Seetharaman

2011

Metall Mater Trans B

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The rate of reactions involved in steel-refining operations largely depend on the transport of species through the slag or metal phase at steel refining temperatures; the intrinsic reaction rates are expected to be high. Therefore, the study of diffusivity of species in slag is of great importance. The present work proposes a new methodology, in which experiments can be designed to determine the diffusivity of species in liquid slag. In this article, a mathematical description for the methodology is formulated and subsequently solved using numerical methods. This exercise will help in identifying appropriate bounds for experimental parameters for a desired accuracy. The proposed methodology is generic for any species in the liquid slag phase. However, diffusion of sulfur through slag has been illustrated as a case study. The order of magnitude for the diffusion coefficient for sulfur was taken from the classic works of Saito and Kawai, the sulfide capacity and sulfur partition ratio were retrieved from the works of Taniguchi et al., and the slag density was retrieved from earlier experimental results of the present authors. The slag density was obtained from earlier experimental results from the present group. The Henrian activity coefficients were retrieved from literature. Subsequent to the present work, the design of experiments and measurements carried out using the proposed methodology and the results obtained are presented as the second article on this subject.

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Density Measurements of Low Silica CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 Slags

Cited by 38 publications

References 13 publications

Structure^|^ndash;Property Correlations of CaO^|^ndash;SiO2^|^ndash;MnO Slag Derived from Raman Spectroscopy

Structure^|^ndash;Property Correlations of CaO^|^ndash;SiO2^|^ndash;MnO Slag Derived from Raman Spectroscopy

Effect of Agitation on Crystallization Behavior of CaO^|^ndash;SiO2^|^ndash;R2O (R = Li, Na, or K) System Characterized by Electrical Capacitance Measurement

A Proposal for a Novel Method to Measure the Diffusivity of Species in Slag

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