This study evaluated the influence of inoculation of different nutrients into eggs of 18-d-old broiler embryos. On d 18 of incubation, before transferring, eggs were injected with a solution containing either maltose, a multivitamin supplement, zinc-glycine, glutamine, a mixture containing all these elements, or sodium chloride (control). After hatching, 2,400 male broiler chicks were placed in an experimental broiler house and distributed into 60 floor pens in a completely randomized design comprising a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement of treatments (2 egg weights × 6 solutions), for a total of 12 treatments. Birds and feed consumption were measured weekly. At 42 d of age, 3 birds per replicate pen were randomly selected for processing. Birds derived from heavier eggs had greater hatchability and hatching weight. At 42 d of age, birds from heavier eggs had higher BW, carcass weight, and breast meat weight. The livability of birds derived from heavy eggs was higher at 7 and 14 d of age. The in ovo inoculation of the nutrients to 18-d-old embryos did not influence live performance or carcass traits. The technique of in ovo inoculation of certain nutrients may be used in industrial poultry production, but further studies are required to define the best solutions or mixture of nutrients to be used.

RESUMO -Este estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da inclusão de 0,0; 3,3; 6,6 e 9,9% de óleo de soja em rações isoenergéticas sobre o tempo de trânsito (TT), desempenho, características de carcaça e composição corporal de frangos de Intestinal Transit Time, Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Body Composition in Broilers Fed Isoenergy Diets Formulated with Different Levels of Soybean OilABSTRACT -This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of 0.0, 3.3, 6.6, and 9.9% soybean oil inclusion in isoenergy diets on transit time (TT), performance, carcass characteristics and body composition of broilers from 21 to 56 days of age. The TT was determined at 22 and 42 days of age. Eight hundred and fourty broilers, with initial average weight of 870 g, allotted to a completely randomized design, with four treatments, six replications and 35 broilers per experimental unit, were used in the performance experiment. The TT was reduced linearly at 22 and 42 days of age. From 21 to 42 days, the levels of soybean oil showed a quadratic effect on weight gain, feed:gain ratio, energy:gain ratio and a linear effect on feed intake and energy intake. In the total period, it was observed a positive linear effect of soybean oil on weight gain, energy intake and feed intake and a quadratic effect on feed:gain and energy:gain. Abdominal fat was quadractly influenced at 42 and 56 days of age. However, carcass yield was quadractly influenced only at 56 days of age. Total body fat was positively influenced by age at 56 days and ash decreased at the same age.

Effects of dietary methionine (Met) on pectoralis muscle development and the effect that Met as a nutritional substrate has on protein expression of skeletal muscle cells of pectoralis muscle of chickens were evaluated in this study. Broiler chickens received a common pretest diet up to 21 d of age and were subsequently fed either a low (LM) or high Met (HM) diet (0.41 vs. 0.51% of diet) from 21 to 42 d of age. Dietary deficiency was shown in vivo judging by the depression in breast meat weight and yield when broilers were fed the LM diet. Global protein expression was analyzed by quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography nanospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Up- and downregulated proteins were analyzed via Ingenuity Pathways Analysis to identify the metabolic pathways affected. Four canonical pathways related to muscle development were identified as being differentially regulated between LM- and HM-fed chickens. These pathways included the citrate cycle and calcium, actin cytoskeleton, and clathrin-mediated endocytosis signaling. The HM diet may have allowed for increased muscle growth by an increased availability of nutrients to muscle cells. Although the Met supplementation was associated with enhanced breast muscle growth, contraction fiber concentrations in muscles decreased and were associated with a lower calcium transportation rate and sensitivity and with a lower energy supply. It is further suggested that increased muscle protein deposition, that was induced by Met supplementation, may have been largely due to sarcoplasmic rather myofibrillar hypertrophy.

No abstract

RESUMO -Um experimento foi conduzido para se determinar o valor energético do óleo de soja refinado, do óleo de canola refinado, do óleo de girassol refinado, do óleo de frango, do óleo de peixe e da banha suína para frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 168 frangos de corte com 22 dias de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos (seis fontes lipídicas e uma ração-referência) e quatro repetições de seis frangos por unidade experimental. O experimento teve duração de oito dias, sendo a coleta de excretas realizada nos últimos cinco dias. As fontes lipídicas testadas substituíram a dieta basal em 20% na matéria natural. Os valores de energia metabolizável aparente corrigidos para retenção de nitrogênio na matéria natural foram: 9.201 kcal/kg para o óleo de soja; 8.129 kcal/kg para o óleo canola; 9.561 kcal/kg para o óleo de girassol; 8.251 kcal/kg para o óleo de frango; 8.715 kcal/kg para o óleo de peixe e 8.366 kcal/kg para a banha suína.Palavras-chave: digestibilidade, energia metabolizável, gordura, óleos, valor energético Energetic Value of Some Fat Sources Determined for BroilersABSTRACT -One experiment was carried out to determine the energy value of feeding fats (refined soybean oil, refined canola oil, refined sunflower oil, poultry fat, fish oil and lard) for broilers. One hundred and sixty eight broilers averaging 22 days old were allotted to a complete randomized design with seven treatments and four replicates of six broilers. The experiment lasted 8 days, with three days for adaptation and five days for excreta collection. The control replaced 20% of basal diet, as-fed basis. The values of apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen, as-fed basis, were as follows: 9,201 kcal/kg for refined soybean oil, 8,129 kcal/kg for refined canola oil, 9,561 kcal/kg for refined sunflower oil, 8,251 kcal/kg for poultry fat, 8,715 kcal/kg for fish oil, and 8,366 kcal/kg for lard.

Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da adição de antibiótico, probiótico, prebiótico e gluconato de sódio para suínos no período de 28 a 142 dias de idade, correspondente às fases de creche, crescimento e terminação. Foram utilizados 168 leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em 42 baias com quatro suínos machos castrados em cada unidade experimental, com seis repetições e sete dietas: ração basal (controle negativo); ração basal + antibiótico; ração basal + probiótico; ração basal + prebiótico; ração basal + probiótico + prebiótico (simbiótico); ração basal + gluconato de sódio; ração basal + gluconato de sódio + probiótico. O desempenho dos animais diferiu entre as dietas e foi melhor nos animais que receberam ração com aditivos no período de 28 a 142 dias de idade. Entre os aditivos, o simbiótico foi mais eficiente, pois promoveu os melhores resultados de ganho de peso e conversão alimentar. Do mesmo modo, a adição de gluconato de sódio + probiótico, prebiótico e probiótico nas rações foi mais eficiente que a adição de antibiótico. A utilização dos aditivos avaliados em substituição ao antibiótico não compromete as características de carcaça e a morfometria intestinal. A associação do probiótico e prebiótico (simbiótico) estudados melhora o desempenho dos suínos nas fases de creche, crescimento e terminação.

-The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of a probiotic product (composition:Lactobacillus acidophillus (3.5 × 10 11 CFU), Streptcoccus faecium (3.5 × 10 11 CFU) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (3.5 × 10 11 CFU)) on broiler performance. A total of 1200 one-day-old broilers were reared until 42 days of age, and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with 3 treatments (antibiotic, probiotic and control) with 10 replicates of 40 birds each. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and mortality were evaluated. Concerning weight gain, in the periods of 0-7 and 0-14 days of age, the group fed the antibiotic product presented higher values as compared with the other treatments. However, in the periods of 0-21, 0-28 and 0-35 days of age, birds fed the antibiotic presented higher weight gain only in relation to the control group. Feed intake differences were detected only in the initial period of 0-7 days of age, with the group fed the antibiotic product presenting higher feed intake as compared with that fed the probiotic product, although these groups were not different from the control group. No statistical difference was detected in feed conversion ratio among treatments in any of the evaluated age intervals. Mortality was different only in the period of 0-14 days of age, which was higher in the control group as compared with that of the birds fed the probiotic product, but it was not different from the group receiving the antibiotic. Treatment with probiotic product containing Lactobacillus acidophillus, Streptococcus faecium and Bifidobacterium bifidum does not affect broiler performance.

RESUMO Foi conduzido um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adição de diferentes níveis de levedura (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) desidratada na ração sobre o desempenho e a morfologia intestinal de leitões na fase inicial. Foram utilizados 280 leitões (fêmeas e machos castrados) de INTRODUÇÃOO aumento verificado no consumo de alimentos devido ao crescimento da população vem se constituindo em um grande estímulo à suinocultura nos últimos anos. Os freqüentes aumentos nos preços de cereais e de suplementos protéicos vegetais utilizados na alimentação dos animais domésticos têm despertado um grande interesse pelo aproveitamento de alimentos conhecidos como não convencionais.Entre as fontes alternativas pesquisadas, grande atenção é dada aos microorganismos, entre os quais se destacam as leveduras, já que o Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de álcool de cana-de-açúcar,