Objectives: To identify dietary patterns in pre-school children and to investigate its determinants. Methods:Cross-sectional study nested in a cohort born between 2004 and 2005 in the municipality of Diamantina, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The instrument used to explore the dietary patterns was a frequency questionnaire for food consumption. Factor analysis was used for the identification of the dietary patterns. The study also assessed personal and socioeconomic data and anthropometric measurements of 232 preschoolers in the period between July 2009 and July 2010. The determinants of food patterns were identified by logistic regression.Results: Three patterns were obtained, which were called: "mixed diet," "snack," and "unhealthy." The children of mothers with low education are more likely (odds ratio -OR = 3.80; confidence interval 95% -95%CI = 1.90-7.60) to consume food from the "mixed diet" pattern, and less likely (OR = 0.31; 95%CI = 0.15-0.61) to consume food from the "snack" pattern, while those with higher per capita income are more likely to consume food from the "unhealthy" pattern (OR = 2.43; 95%CI = 1.13-5.24). Conclusion:Three dietary patterns were identified in the studied population, which were determined by the level of maternal education and per capita income. Resultados: Três padrões foram obtidos, denominados de "dieta mista", "lanche" e "não saudável". Os pré-escolares filhos de mães com menor escolaridade têm mais chance (odds ratio -OR = 3,80; intervalo de confiança de 95% -IC95% = 1,90-7,60) de consumir alimentos do padrão "dieta mista" e menor chance (OR = 0,31; IC95% = 0,15-0,61) de consumir alimentos do padrão "lanches", enquanto os de maior renda per capita têm mais chance de consumir alimentos do padrão "não saudável" (OR = 2,43; IC95% = 1,13-5,24). J Pediatr (Rio J) Conclusão:Foram identificados três padrões alimentares na população estudada, os quais foram determinados pelo nível de escolaridade materna e renda per capita. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2012;88(2):129-36: Padrões alimentares, pré-escolares, análise fatorial, estudos transversais.

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Abstract

Metodologias de identificação de padrões alimentares a posteriori em crianças brasileiras: revisão sistemáticaMethods of a posteriori identification of food patterns in Brazilian children: a systematic review

Objective: To verify the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among preschoolers and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort of children who were born and resident in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. At the time of the study, all children were aged 60 months 6 five months. They were recruited after written informed consent was obtained from parents or guardians. The study was carried out between July 2009 and July 2010. In total 214 children provided a stool sample for examination on intestinal parasitic infections. Information on potential risk factors for parasitosis was obtained from parents and guardians of the children by a questionnaire. Logistic regression was used for analysis. Results: Intestinal parasitic infections were found in 27.5% (n559) of children. The boys' infection prevalence (26.1%, n536) was slightly lower than the infection prevalence of the girls (30.3%, n523), but not statistically different (p50.51). Fourteen children, (23.7%) were infected with two or more parasite species and forty-five (76.3%) with single parasites. A low per capita income of family was strongly associated with an increased risk for an infection (OR52.89; P50.003). Preschoolers whose mothers did not work outside home had a significantly lower risk for infection (OR50.41; p50.01).

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A fibrose cística é a doença genética letal mais comum em populações caucasianas e é caracterizada por infecções crônicas e recorrentes do pulmão, insuficiência pancreática e elevados níveis de cloro no suor. É uma doença de herança autossômica recessiva causada pela mutação no gene do Regulador da Condutância Transmembrana da Fibrose Cística, que induz o organismo a produzir secreções espessas e viscosas que obstruem os pulmões, o pâncreas e o ducto biliar. Muitos pacientes apresentam insuficiência pancreática, que leva a má-absorção de nutrientes especialmente de proteínas e lipídeos e a complicações gastrintestinais tais como prolapso retal, síndrome da obstrução intestinal, constipação e cirrose hepática. A fibrose cística normalmente é diagnosticada na infância, pelos programas de triagem neonatal ou pelo teste do suor. Devido aos vários sistemas envolvidos e à variabilidade e cronicidade da doença, uma abordagem multidisciplinar é essencial para auxiliar o paciente e sua família a compreenderem a doença e aderirem ao tratamento. A terapia atual da fibrose cística inclui a manutenção do estado nutricional, a remoção das secreções das vias aéreas com fisioterapia e mucolíticos, o uso de antibióticos para prevenção e tratamento de infecções, a prescrição de suplementos energéticos, dietas hiperlípidicas e hiperprotéicas, bem como a suplementação de minerais e vitaminas lipossolúveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar breve revisão de literatura sobre os aspectos clínicos e nutricionais da fibrose cística.

The determinants of dyslipidemia identified in this study were less frequent consumption of foods in the 'mixed diet' dietary pattern, higher body mass index, and lower level of maternal education. This study shows that despite the young age of the group under study, they already present a high prevalence of dyslipidemia, which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease.