COVID-19 began in December 2019 in Wuhan City, China, and on March 11, 2020 it was classified by the World Health Organization as a pandemic. It is an asymptomatic infection that can progress to severe respiratory conditions. In adults, it is more prevalent, but is also observed in children, with the occurrence of extra respiratory symptoms, such as oral and cutaneous manifestations. This literature review aims to report the oral and cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. The bibliographic search strategy was carried out in the PubMed, SciELO and Bireme databases on August 1, 2020, using MeSH Terms “COVID-19”; “Child”; “Oral Manifestations”; “Skin Manifestations”; “Ageusia”; “Dysgeusia” and corresponding Decs, and also manual search, without language restriction. The stages of search, screening, selection, evaluation of studies and data extraction were performed by four independent reviewers. Nine studies that met the eligibility criteria were identified. The most cited oral and cutaneous manifestations were, respectively, taste dysfunction in adolescents and erythematous eruption in extremities and trunk. Health professionals should be aware of these manifestations, however, this is a recent theme in the literature, and more careful studies with greater strength of evidence still need to be performed.
This study is a literature review on the contributions of active methodologies in Higher Education in the health area. From the reviewed literature (texts, articles and books), an academic essay was written, addressing ideas, reflections, literature citations and authors’ personal impressions on the theme. After analyzing the literature, it was realized that active methodologies despite being involved in the teaching-learning process for several years, still require that teachers and students widely appropriate their benefits. The implementation of this change will help in coping with the factors that have negatively interfered in higher health education. It is a challenge that needs to be embraced by teachers and students. Conclusions: Active teaching methodologies can be included in all teaching models and methods and aim to promote learning and expand the possibilities for students to develop their competencies.
Objetivo: Identificar os resumos publicados nas Reuniões Anuais da Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica sobre fluorose em regiões endêmicas e verificar a contribuição da Ciência Brasileira para o assunto. Métodos: Este estudo descritivo foi realizado com dados secundários do período entre 2005 e 2020; os estudos elegíveis foram identificados a partir dos descritores presentes no título e/ou resumo: flúor, fluorose, fluorose dental, fluorose dentária, fluoretação, intoxicação por flúor. Critérios de inclusão: estudos em regiões declaradas como de fluorose endêmica ou que citassem o teor de flúor acima de 0,8 mg F/L. Foram excluídos estudos que não declarassem estudar fluorose em regiões endêmicas ou não citassem o teor de flúor na água. Os dados foram coletados por dois examinadores de modo independente e a distribuição de frequências dos dados foi realizada (Microsoft Excel para Mac v.16.16.12). Resultados: Observou-se que de 41.953 resumos publicados durante esses 15 anos, 1190 (2,83%) foram elegíveis; 426 (1,01%) abordaram especificamente o tema fluorose e 24 (0,06%) a fluorose em regiões endêmicas. Os assuntos abordados envolveram tratamento (n = 4; 14,81%); desenvolvimento de programas de promoção de saúde bucal (n = 2; 7,69%); avaliação da potabilidade da água (n = 2; 7,41%); implementação de sistemas de desfluoretação (n = 2; 7,41%); prevalência e severidade (n = 2; 7,41%); distribuição da fluorose na dentição (n = 1, 3,70%); impacto na qualidade de vida (n = 2; 7,41%); percepção estética (n = 5; 18,52%); uso e ingestão de flúor (n = 3; 11,11%); fluorose óssea (n = 2; 7,41%); análise da possibilidade de alteração no padrão cognitivo (n = 1; 3,70%), nas funções motoras e no equilíbrio (n=1; 3,70%). Conclusão: Diferentes aspectos relacionados à fluorose em região endêmica foram abordados. A Ciência Brasileira tem se dedicado ao tema ao longo dos anos. Entretanto, há um número restrito de estudos, em especial sobre a relação dose-reposta.
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