Mate tea consumption improved the glycemic control and lipid profile of T2DM subjects, and mate tea consumption combined with nutritional intervention was highly effective in decreasing serum lipid parameters of pre-diabetes individuals, which may reduce their risk of developing coronary disease.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation on cellular damage and oxidative stress indicators in volleyball athletes. Twenty male volleyball athletes at national level performed a physical training session and were divided into 2 groups, which for 7 days took the placebo substance or NAC. After 7 days the athletes repeated the same training session. In both sessions, blood samples were collected 30 min before and immediately after the training session to measure cellular damage and oxidative stress markers. The main results show that, although higher concentrations of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were observed in post-session 1 than those in postsession 2, the other markers showed an increase in antioxidant action after supplementation of NAC, once the effect of experimental conditions (P=0.030) were observed in: time effect (P<0.001) and interaction (P=0.019) for total glutathione; time effect (P<0.001) and interaction (P<0.001) for reduced glutathione; and time effect (P<0.001) for ferric-reducing antioxidant potential. The oxidant action indicated by the protein carbonyl was higher in the placebo group than in the NAC group (P=0.028), but a time effect (P<0.001) for the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances showed lower values in presession 1 than in presession 2. For the cellular damage markers, antagonistic results between markers were found. Based in the results, the supplementation of NAC during a short period was effective in reducing oxidant action and increasing antioxidant action. However, conclusive alterations in the responses of the cellular damage markers were not obtained.
Monocytes from pooled cryopreserved BC PBMNCs can be used reliably to evaluate phagocytic responses of sensitized RBCs and to assess clinical significance of RBC alloantibodies.
Our in vivo studies on a rat model established safety of transfusing liposome-treated red blood cells (RBCs) but identified the potential for immune modulation as related to transfusion efficacy of liposome-treated RBCs. The aim of this study was at assessing the impact of liposome-induced membrane changes on the immune profile of liposome-treated RBCs by (a) evaluating their interaction with endothelial cells and monocytes; and (b) the resulting immune response derived from this interaction, in the form of cytokine release, adhesion molecules expression and phagocytosis. Unilamellar liposomes were synthesized to contain unsaturated phospholipids (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [DOPC]:CHOL, 7:3 mol%). The human RBCs immune profile was assessed by incubating control and DOPC-treated RBCs with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and monocytes. Cytokine release measured by Luminex technology, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and E-selectin on HUVECs measured by flow cytometry, and the erythrophagocytic activity of monocytes by monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) were determined. Fibroblast growth factor [FGF]-2 was the only cytokine released by HUVECs that remained increased after incubation with DOPC-treated RBCs compared to control throughout storage. The expression of both VCAM-1 (15.3 ± 5.6% versus 6.3 ± 0.9%, p = 0.008) and E-selectin (18.0 ± 6.3% versus 6.6 ± 0.7%, p = 0.004) by HUVECs were significantly increased after incubation with DOPC-treated RBCs at day 2 of storage. The MMA resulted in phagocytic indexes of zero for both control and DOPC-treated RBCs at day 2 and 42 of storage. The liposome treatment did not result in significant changes to the immune profile of stored DOPC-treated RBCs. These findings combined with previous in vivo results, make liposome treatment a potential candidate for application in RBC preservation and open the possibility for clinical use with other cell types.
Purpose of review
The availability of organs for transplant fails to meet the demand and this shortage is growing worse every year. As the cost of not getting a suitable donor organ can mean death for patients, new tools and approaches that allows us to make advances in transplantation faster and provide a different vantage point are required. To address this need, we introduce the concept of using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a new model system in organ transplantation. The zebrafish community offers decades of research experience in disease modeling and a rich toolbox of approaches for interrogating complex pathological states. We provide examples of how already existing zebrafish assays/tools from cancer, regenerative medicine, immunology, and others, could be leveraged to fuel new discoveries in pursuit of solving the organ shortage.
Recent findings
Important innovations have enabled several types of transplants to be successfully performed in zebrafish, including stem cells, tumors, parenchymal cells, and even a partial heart transplant. These innovations have been performed against a backdrop of an expansive and impressive list of tools designed to uncover the biology of complex systems that include a wide array of fluorescent transgenic fish that label specific cell types and mutant lines that are transparent, immune-deficient. Allogeneic transplants can also be accomplished using immune suppressed and syngeneic fish. Each of these innovations within the zebrafish community would provide several helpful tools that could be applied to transplant research.
Summary
We highlight some examples of existing tools and assays developed in the zebrafish community that could be leveraged to overcome barriers in organ transplantation, including ischemia–reperfusion, short preservation durations, regeneration of marginal grafts, and acute and chronic rejection.
In this paper we described a simple and inexpensive approach to improving the measurement of sd-LDL-C in high-triglycerides serum. Furthermore, we showed that southern Brazil dyslipidemic and T2DM individuals have increased sd-LDL-C concentrations.
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