Application of a modified precipitation method for the measurement of small dense LDL-cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) in a population in southern Brazil

Cavalcante, Luciana da Silveira; Silva, Edson Lourenço da

doi:10.1515/cclm-2011-0797

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Hyperlipidemia is usually involved in the occurrence and progression of diseases (or chronic complications) [ 16 ]. The LDL-C/Apo B ratio represents the proxy of LDL particle size, with a decreased LDL-C/Apo B ratio suggesting a low LDL-C density within LDL particles and higher risks of infiltration into the artery wall and atherosclerosis [ 26 ]. According to numerous studies, LDL-C/Apo B ratio is superior to Apo B alone in the predication of atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation between the serum LDL-C/Apo B ratio and lumbar bone mineral density in young adults

Tan

Shu

Huang

et al. 2023

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background Numerous studies have confirmed that atherosclerosis is related to osteoporosis (OP), and patients with atherosclerosis are more prone to OP. The ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to apolipoprotein B (Apo B) is the valid indicator of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, conclusions regarding relation between LDL-C/Apo B ratio and bone mineral density (BMD) are still lacking. As a result, this study concentrated on investigating the relationship between LDL-C/Apo B ratio and lumbar BMD in the young adult population according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods Information of 2027 young adults (age 20–40 years) from NHANES database was obtained for this cross-sectional study. The correlation between serum LDL-C/Apo B ratio and lumbar BMD was explored through weighted multiple stratified linear regression, while the smooth curve fitting model was utilized for analyzing nonlinear relation. In the nonlinear relation, the inflection point was calculated by saturation threshold analysis. The weighted two-piecewise linear regression model was constructed. Results After covariates were adjusted, the relation between serum LDL-C/Apo B ratio and lumbar BMD varied by sex (males: β = -0.0126, 95% CI -0.0892, 0.0640; females: β = 0.0322, 95% CI -0.0367, 0.1011). By performing age-stratified subgroup analysis, the association also varied by age and sex. Males aged 20–30 years presented a negative trend (β = -0.0570, 95% CI -0.1656, 0.0517), and males with the age of 31–40 years showed a positive trend (β = 0.0810, 95% CI -0.0312, 0.1931). Women showed a positive trend by age (females of 20–30 years: β = 0.0051, 95% CI -0.0935, 0.1036; females of 31–40 years: β = 0.0265, 95% CI -0.0767, 0.1296). In race-stratified subgroup analysis, the relations varied by sex and race. To be specific, non-Hispanic black males showed a negative trend (β = -0.0754, 95% CI -0.2695, 0.1188), and males of other races exhibited a positive trend. The trend was positive for women of all races. Conclusion Differences were detected in the association between serum LDL-C/Apo B ratio and lumbar BMD among cases aged 20–40 years across sex, age, and race/ethnicity. In addition, the inflection points in U-shaped relationships were also calculated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation between the serum LDL-C/Apo B ratio and lumbar bone mineral density in young adults

Tan

Shu

Huang

et al. 2023

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…Only serums from patients with hypertriglyceridemia showed aggregates that remained on the top of the tube. Despite the absence of lipoprotein sedimentation, the TG aggregates can be removed from the supernatant and no interference in the sd-LDL-c quantification was detected 28,29,41…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values assessment in a Mediterranean population for small dense low-density lipoprotein concentration isolated by an optimized precipitation method

Fernández-Cidón

Padró-Miquel

Alía-Ramos

et al. 2017

VHRM

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BackgroundHigh serum concentrations of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sd-LDL-c) particles are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Their clinical application has been hindered as a consequence of the laborious current method used for their quantification.ObjectiveOptimize a simple and fast precipitation method to isolate sd-LDL particles and establish a reference interval in a Mediterranean population.Materials and methodsForty-five serum samples were collected, and sd-LDL particles were isolated using a modified heparin-Mg2+ precipitation method. sd-LDL-c concentration was calculated by subtracting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) from the total cholesterol measured in the supernatant. This method was compared with the reference method (ultracentrifugation). Reference values were estimated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine recommendations. sd-LDL-c concentration was measured in serums from 79 subjects with no lipid metabolism abnormalities.ResultsThe Passing–Bablok regression equation is y = 1.52 (0.72 to 1.73) + 0.07x (−0.1 to 0.13), demonstrating no significant statistical differences between the modified precipitation method and the ultracentrifugation reference method. Similarly, no differences were detected when considering only sd-LDL-c from dyslipidemic patients, since the modifications added to the precipitation method facilitated the proper sedimentation of triglycerides and other lipoproteins. The reference interval for sd-LDL-c concentration estimated in a Mediterranean population was 0.04–0.47 mmol/L.ConclusionAn optimization of the heparin-Mg2+ precipitation method for sd-LDL particle isolation was performed, and reference intervals were established in a Spanish Mediterranean population. Measured values were equivalent to those obtained with the reference method, assuring its clinical application when tested in both normolipidemic and dyslipidemic subjects.

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“…The Castelli I index [TC/HDL-c] and Castelli II index [LDL-c/HDL-c] were also evaluated. 17 The small, dense-LDL (sd-LDL) subclass was determined by procedure previously described for sd-LDL-cholesterol 18 and the LDL particle size was estimated using the equation [26.262 -0.776 (TG mmol.L -1 /HDL-c mmol.L -1 ]. 19 Quantification of insulin was carried out using chemiluminescence (Immulite 2000, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. -USA) and the IR was identified by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) index according to the equation [HOMA-IR = fasting insulin (μUI/mL) x fasting glucose (mg/dL)/405].…”

Section: Biochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Intervention in Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Students with Dyslipidemia and Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Study

Pamplona-Cunha¹,

Rosini²,

Caetano³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences

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Background:The long incubation periods of cardiovascular diseases offer opportunities for controlling risk factors. In addition, preventive interventions in childhood are more likely to succeed because lifestyle habits become ingrained as they are repeated.Objective: To investigate the effects of recreational physical activities, in combination or not with a qualitative nutritional counseling, in cardiometabolic risk factors of students with dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity.Methods: Students (8-14 years old) were randomly divided into three groups (n=23 each): i) Control; ii) PANC, students undergoing Physical Activity and Nutritional Counseling, and iii) PA, students submitted to Physical Activity, only. Blood samples (12-h fasting) were collected for biochemical analysis and anthropometric markers were also assessed. Two-Way RM-ANOVA and Holm-Sidak's test, and Friedman ANOVA on Ranks and Dunn's test were applied. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Effect sizes were evaluated by Hedges' g and Cliff's δ for normal and non-Gaussian data, respectively.Results: Compared to the control group and to baseline values, both interventions caused significant average reductions in total cholesterol (11%; p <0.001), LDL-c (19%; p=0.002), and non-HDL-c (19%; p=0.003). Furthermore, students in the PANC group also experienced a significant decrease in body fat compared to baseline (p=0.005) and to control (5.2%; g=0.541). Conclusions:The proposed strategies were effective to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. The low cost of these interventions allows the implementation of health care programs in schools to improve the students' quality of life.

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Application of a modified precipitation method for the measurement of small dense LDL-cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) in a population in southern Brazil

Abstract: In this paper we described a simple and inexpensive approach to improving the measurement of sd-LDL-C in high-triglycerides serum. Furthermore, we showed that southern Brazil dyslipidemic and T2DM individuals have increased sd-LDL-C concentrations.

Cited by 8 publications

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The correlation between the serum LDL-C/Apo B ratio and lumbar bone mineral density in young adults

The correlation between the serum LDL-C/Apo B ratio and lumbar bone mineral density in young adults

Reference values assessment in a Mediterranean population for small dense low-density lipoprotein concentration isolated by an optimized precipitation method

Lifestyle Intervention in Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Students with Dyslipidemia and Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Study

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