No abstract

The antimicrobial susceptibility of 212 Salmonella strains isolated from patients and foods was evaluated and 45% were found to be resistant to nalidixic acid. Nalidixic acid resistant strains showed a higher minimal inhibitory concentration for ciprofloxacin than sensitive strains. During the study an increase of strains with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was also observed.

No abstract

A total of 41 Salmonella Enteritidis strains, including phago-types (PTs) PT4 and PT9, were characterized by antimicrobial resistance profiles and PFGE. Of these strains, 34 were isolated from patients and foods, and 7 were of poultry origin. All strains were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and 41.5 % (n517) were resistant to nalidixic acid. PFGE analysis using XbaI and SpeI restriction enzymes resulted in X1S1 as the prevalent pattern, which was present in 48.8 % (n520) of epidemic strains and in one strain isolated from discarded hatching eggs. Distinct patterns were found for the other strains isolated from poultry (X3S1, X8S8, X11S12, X11S13, X16S1 and X13S15). The S. Enteritidis PT9 strains associated with outbreaks of salmonellosis were highly similar (¢0.90), suggesting clonality. The PFGE genotypes were related to the PTs, and it was possible to differentiate strains isolated from patients with salmonellosis from other strains of non-epidemic origin. The PFGE results suggested that the S. Enteritidis strains of poultry origin were a possible source of human salmonellosis during the study period. INTRODUCTIONSalmonella species are associated with food-borne diseases worldwide. Foods of animal origin, such as poultry meat, eggs and their products, are frequently implicated in outbreaks (Clavijo et al., 2006). In the period 1999-2008, Salmonella species were responsible for 1408 (23.2 %) of the 6062 outbreaks investigated in Brazil, and Salmonella species were responsible for 267 (43. According to epidemiological data from the Central Laboratory of Parana State (LACEN), egg products were associated with 45.0 % of the salmonellosis outbreaks occurring from 1999 to 2008, and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis was the predominant serovar found in patient samples (87.8 %) and foods (80.6 %) .Phenotypic methods, such as phago-typing, antimicrobial resistance profiling and molecular methods, including analysis of the macrorestriction pattern of chromosomal DNA after PFGE, have been used to characterize S. Enteritidis strains. PFGE has been widely utilized in the molecular characterization of Salmonella species due to the stability of patterns, reproducibility and excellent discriminatory power (Ribot et al., 2002;Peters et al., 2003;Woo, 2005;Zou et al., 2010).Salmonella strains isolated from different sources in the same temporal period and from the same geographical location are likely to be epidemiologically related and to have an identical PFGE restriction pattern independent of the restriction enzyme employed (Tenover et al., 1995). PFGE is capable of discriminating strains of Salmonella of the same serovar and phago-type (PT) (Ahmed et al., 2000; Liebana et al., 2001).The aim of the present study was to characterize S. Enteritidis PT4 and PT9 strains of poultry origin or isolated from patients and foods involved in salmonellosis outbreaks by antimicrobial resistance profiles and PFGE patterns. An epidemiological co...

Mutations into codons Aspartate-87 (62%) and Serine-83 (38%) in QRDR of gyrA were identified in 105 Salmonella strains resistant to nalidixic acid (94 epidemic and 11 of poultry origin). The results show a high incidence of mutations associated to quinolone resistance but suggest association with others mechanisms of resistance.

Salmonella enterica is frequently associated with outbreaks of human salmonellosis, and products of avian origin, such as eggs and chicken meat, are the main vehicles of its transmission. The present study describes the occurrence of different serovars of Salmonella enterica and phagotypes of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis in eggs destined for human consumption. Four thousand eggs obtained from commercial egg laying farms and one thousand discarded hatching eggs from broiler farms, which were acquired at farmers’ markets and informal shops, were analyzed. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 52.0% of the discarded hatching eggs, in which the predominant serovar was Enteritidis (84.6%), and the predominant Salmonella Enteritidis phagotype (PT) was PT7 (26.9%). Salmonella spp. was not isolated from eggs obtained from commercial egg laying farms. The antimicrobial resistance profile showed that 23.1% (n = 6) of the SE strains were resistant to nalidixic acid. The results suggest that the consumption of discarded hatching eggs represents an important source of Salmonella transmission to humans.

Beauregard sweet potatoes have high concentration of β‐carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, which helps in human growth and development. The objective of the work was to optimize the Beauregard sweet potato flour production process, maintaining a high content of carotenoids. A central rotational composite design 23 was performed with three central points and six axial points. Independent factors were ascorbic acid concentration, immersion time, and drying temperature while investigated responses were carotenoid, vitamin C and protein content and color. The optimum conditions for the processing of sweet potato flour was ascorbic acid concentration used in the immersion of 1.84 g 100 ml–1, immersion time of 43.6 min, and drying temperature of 43.3°C. The process showed 100% general desirability, and the product obtained present 419.85 μg g–1 of carotenoids, 24.92 mg 100 g–1 of vitamin C, and 5.26 mg 100 g–1 of protein content. Practical applications Sweet potato (Ipomoea potatoes L. (Lam.)) is an energetic food, containing a high content of vitamins and minerals. The Beauregard variety, with orange pulp, has advantages over other cultivars because it has high productivity and is more nutritious due to its high content of β‐carotene (115 μg g–1 of fresh roots), in addition to different color and flavor. The drying process of roots for the production of flour is a method most used to reduce post‐harvest losses that occur due to its high perishability. The use of experimental planning through a central rotational composite design (DCCR) is an efficient statistical tool that allows determining the ideal conditions of the Beauregard sweet potato flour production process in which the high nutritional value is maintained, preserving the B‐carotene) and with less alteration of the color sensory attribute.

Este estudo foi realizado em 17 propriedades produtoras de queijo colonial artesanal de três municípios do oeste da Cantuquiriguaçu (PR). Por meio de questionário, buscou-se conhecer as condições de produção do leite e da fabricação dos queijos coloniais, para que fossem comparados com os critérios da Instrução Normativa nº 30/2013 do MAPA (Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento). Os resultados indicaram que em todas as propriedades avaliadas (100%) não havia certificação como livres de brucelose e tuberculose, nem programa para controle de mastite, nem de boas práticas de ordenha e de manipulação dos queijos, além de deficiências no controle da qualidade da água, do controle de pragas e da maturação dos queijos. Considerando os critérios da IN30/2013, as propriedades foram consideradas inadequadas para a produção. No entanto, cabe destacar que o município 01 tem implantadas diversas medidas que atendem parcialmente quesitos da legislação, indicando que a implementação de políticas públicas e mais suporte técnico poderão auxiliar os produtores a se tornarem aptos para produção adequada de queijos com leite cru.