Tanqua tiara (T. tiara) is the gastric nematode of Varanus salvator (V. salvator) [1-4], this study was conducted to identification morphology of T. tiara. Although there are no reports of human and animal infection T.tiara but still have the potential to transmit the disease to humans through direct contact or indirectly. Isolation of adult worms T. tiara from the digestive tract of V. salvator and then will make to dry preparat.Some 20 V.alvator's gastrointestinal tract at autopsy and gained as much as 321 nematode worms, nematode worms were obtained from the stomach V. salvator, result identification from dry preparat show : Male (mm) (Total length of body 9.4-32, Wide body 0,26-1,77, Diameter of head-bulb 0,17-0,32, The length of the head 0,23-0,33, Distance from the head-end to the end of the esophagus 2,8-5,7, Distance from the head-end to cervical sac 0,22-0,81, The thickness of the cuticle 0,008-0,036, Long tail 0,13-0,42, Long spikula0,3-1,1) and female (mm) (Total length of body 6,8-22, Wide body 0,14-2,33, Diameter of head-bulb 0,15-0,34, The length of the head 0,1-0,28, Distance from the head-end to the end of the esophagus 2,3-4,58, Distance from the head-end to cervical sac 0,18-0,88, The thickness of the cuticle 0,007-0,031, Long tail 0,12-0,28, Distance vulva from the tail end 3,02-3,61, Long uterus 13,1-21,4, size of egg 0,04-0,052X0,03-0,049). Identification of morphological Tanqua tiara indicate worms vary in size, but the specimen is dominated by small-sized worms. Keywords: Varanus salvator; Tanqua tiara; Cephalic bulb.
Aim:The study was conducted to describe the morphology and morphometry of nematode worm in the stomach of Xenochrophis piscator snake macroscopically and microscopically using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Materials and Methods:The sample was 40 nematode worms that have been collected from 60 snakes which slaughtered at snake slaughterhouses in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. The worms (10 male and 10 female) were stained with carmine, and the others were sent to Indonesian Science Institute for ultrastructure observation by SEM. Some of the female worms were immersed in physiological NaCl and incubated to collect the worm eggs.Results:Nematode worm in this study had three lips with almost the same size and it had papillae, so it was included in ascaridoid. The mouth of ascaridoids has three lips, the dorsal bearing two large outer papillae and the each lateroventral with one papilla. The body length and width of the male worm were 70-105 mm and 0.92-1.32, respectively, with head diameter of 0.22-0.28 mm. Dorsal and ventrolateral lips almost have the same size that was 0.10-0.12×0.11-0.13 mm. The length of interlabia was 0.06-0.08 mm, esophagus was 3.21-4 mm, tail was 0.17-0.23 mm, and spicule was 2.12-3.36 mm. The body length and width of the female worm were 85-130 mm and 1.28-1.71 mm, respectively. The head diameter was 0.29-0.38 mm. Dorsal and ventrolateral lips almost have the same size that was 0.13-0.16×0.15-0.19 mm. The interlabial length was 0.08-0.10 mm, esophagus was 3.04-4.67 mm, and tail was 0.22-0.31 mm. The distance of the vulva from the anterior edge was 56-88 mm with an average of 67.35 mm. The eggs have conspicuously pitted with length 0.08-0.09 mm and width 0.07-0.08 mm.Conclusion:Based on the characteristics of morphology and morphometry, the ascaroid worms found on X. piscator snake from Sidoarjo, Indonesia, were O. piscatori.
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peningkatan tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) dan indeks apoptosis pada tulang mencit yang diinfeksi Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Tiga puluh dua ekor mencit dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok 1 (K1), merupakan kelompok kontrol, tidak diinfeksi sedangkan Kelompok 2 (K2) diinfeksi dengan 10 takizoit T. gondii secara intraperitoneal. Enam hari setelah infeksi mencit dikorbankan, diambil tulang femur dan dilakukan pembuatan preparat histologis dengan pengecatan immunohistochemistry (IHC) dan Tunel assay. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah sel tulang yang mengekspresikan TNF-α pada K2 (27,04±6,92) berbeda sangat nyata dibandingkan dengan K1 (11,42±3,92). Indeks apoptosis pada K1 dan K2 masing-masing adalah 9,17±3,04 dan 16,28±3,37. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa infeksi T. gondii meningkatkan TNF-α dan indeks apoptosis sel tulang femur.
Media and pH are two crucial factors in microalgal cultivation. Industrial wastewater such as tofu wastewater can be utilized as alternative media for growing microalgae like Euglena sp. to produce biomass as feedstock in biorefinery activities. Here, we evaluated combinations of tofu wastewater (L) consisting of 0% (L1), 75% (L2), and 100% (L3) with pH (P) levels consisting of 5.0 (P1), 5.5 (P2), 6.0 (P3), 6.5 (P4), and 7.0 (P5). The analyses were carried out on the growth kinetics, biomass, primary metabolite compounds, and pigments of Euglena sp. Based on the study, the combinations with the highest cell density, biomass, maximum carbohydrate content, maximum lipid content, and protein content were L2P2 (23.13x105 cells/ml), L2P1 (4.53±0.17 mg/ml), L1P5 (0.93±0.02 mg/ml), L2P1 (1.27±0.11 mg/ml), and L3P4 (256±26.86 ppm), respectively. Moreover, the combinations with the highest chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and carotenoid were L2P4 (33.53±0.13 mg/l), L2P2 (17.73±0.50 mg/l), and L2P2 (11.65±0.00 mg/l), respectively. The addition of tofu wastewater combined with specific pH level enhanced the growth and biomass composition of Euglena sp. (P<0.05), with the exception of carbohydrate content. Additionally, each biochemical component of Euglena sp. had a different optimum combination of tofu wastewater and pH level. However, this wastewater can potentially be used as an alternative medium for cultivating this microalga in order to cut the production costs of biorefinery activity.
Currently snake is not only limited as performing animals, medicine, food and raw materials factories but also as pets. One of the famous snakes found in Indonesia is Ptyas mucosus. Snake is a port of the various parasitic zoonoses and unzoonoses. In P. mucosus also frequently reported cases of occurrence sparganosis. Sparganosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae spirometra or called spargana. The aim of this reasearch to study of the morphology of Spirometra in P. Mucosus snake from snakes collector in Sidoarjo, East Java. Identification adult worm and larvae in wet prepararat using a stereo microscope. Identification with Carmine staining and clearing with Glycerin using a light microscope with a magnification of 40x and 100x. The result found that P. mucosus was infected by larva of Spirometra. Sixty snakes were observed and 41 snakes were positively infected by the spargana (68%). Spargana found in musculus and subcutaneous snake P. Mucosus. Spargana are flat and thin white worms. They were like a ribbon. They are often found in groups in almost all parts of subcutaneous and musculus.The average length is 10cm, with average body width is 0,3cm. This is the first case report of sparganosis infection in P. mucosus in Indonesia. The discovery of P. mucosus sparganosis is a warning to the public to be more careful and aware in consuming snake because Spirometra sp. is one of parasitic zoonoses.
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