Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)—even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth’s surface.

-(Bryoflora of Gallery Forest in Quirinópolis, Goiás State, Brazil). This study provides a survey of the bryophytes in gallery forest in the municipality of Quirinópolis, Goiás State, Brazil. Samples were collected monthly from April 2012 to July 2013. The substrate colonization and frequency of species were analyzed. The material was collected according to the usual procedures and is deposited at HerbJAR of UEG. We found 38 species of bryophytes (25 mosses and 13 liverworts). The richest families were Hypnaceae for mosses and Lejeuneaceae for liverworts, with five and seven species recorded, respectively. Isopterygium tenerum (Sw.) Mitt. was the most frequent species, and has a wide distribution in Brazil. Dicranodontium pulchroalare subsp. brasiliense (Herzog) J.-P.Frahm is a new record for the Cerrado, and Philonotis sphaericarpa (Hedw.) Brid., Lejeunea caulicalyx (Steph.) E. Reiner, and L. quinque-umbonata Spruce are new records for Goiás State. Keywords: Brazilian savanna, bryophytes, liverworts, mosses, wetlands RESUMO -(Brioflora de Mata de Galeria Inundável em Quirinópolis, Estado de Goiás, Brasil). O presente estudo objetivou realizar um levantamento da brioflora em mata de galeria no município de Quirinópolis, Goiás. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente de abril de 2012 a julho de 2013. Foram analisadas a colonização do substrato e a frequência das espécies. O material coletado foi herborizado conforme os procedimentos usuais e está depositado no HerbJAR da UEG. As identificações foram feitas por especialistas. Foram encontradas 38 espécies de briófitas (25 musgos e 13 hepáticas). As famílias mais ricas foram Hypnaceae para musgos e Lejeuneaceae para hepáticas, com cinco e sete espécies registradas, respectivamente. Isopterygium tenerum (Sw.) Mitt. foi a espécie mais frequente, o qual apresenta ampla distribuição no Brasil. Dicranodontium pulchroalare subsp. brasiliense (Herzog) J.-P.Frahm é um novo registro para o bioma Cerrado, e Philonotis sphaericarpa (Hedw.) Brid., Lejeunea caulicalyx (Steph.) E. Reiner e L. quinque-umbonata Spruce novos registros para o Estado de Goiás. Palavras-chave: áreas úmidas, briófitas, Cerrado, hepática, musgo

-(Spore morphology of Polytrichaceae Schwägr. (Bryophyta) from Brazil). Spore morphology is described for all six genera of Brazilian Polytrichaceae based on light and scanning electron microscopy study of 13 species of the approximately 30 species of the family native to the country. Discussion on its taxonomic importance is also provided. Spores were analyzed before and after the acetolysis method. Polytrichaceae is eurypalynous. The spore surface of Atrichum androgynum (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger has regular granules and isolated gemmae. The spores of Itatiella P. Beauv. and Oligotrichum Lam. & DC. species are small to medium size, with bacula, elongated processes, clavae and pila on the surface. Species of Pogonatum P. Beauv. gathers spores of very small to small size, granulate surface. Polytrichadelphus pseudopolytrichum (Raddi) G. L. Sm. spores are very small to small size, and ornamentation formed by reduced smooth spines. In Polytrichum Hedw. species the spores are small and ornamentation is formed by ornamented spine-like processes to granules.

Phylogeographic patterns of endemic species are critical keys to understand its adaptation to future climate change. Herein, based on chloroplast DNA, we analyzed the genetic diversity of two endemic and endangered tree species from the Brazilian savanna and Atlantic forest (Eremanthus erythropappus and Eremanthus incanus). We also applied the climate-based ecological niche modeling (ENM) to evaluate the impact of the Quaternary climate (last glacial maximum * 21 kyr BP (thousand years before present) and Mid-Holocene * 6 kyr BP) on the current haplotype distribution. Moreover, we modeled the potential effect of future climate change on the species distribution in 2070 for the most optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. One primer/enzyme combination (SFM/HinfI) revealed polymorphism with very low haplotype diversity, showing only three different haplotypes. The haplotype 1 has very low frequency and it was classified as the oldest, diverging from six mutations from the haplotypes 2 and 3. The E. erythropappus populations are structured and differ genetically according to the areas of occurrence. In general, the populations located in the north region are genetically different from those located in the center-south. No genetic structuring was observed for E. incanus. The ENM revealed a large distribution during the past and a severe decrease in geographic distribution of E. erythropappus and E. incanus from the LGM until present and predicts a drastic decline in suitable areas in the future. This reduction may homogenize the genetic diversity and compromise a relevant role of these species on infiltration of groundwater.

The objective of this study was to model the potential effect of future climate change on the distribution of a tree species indicator of Cerrado. For the modeling, we used 488 occurrence points of the species and also bioclimatic variables corresponding to 2050 and 2070, for the more optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. All generated models were classified as consistent, getting an area under curve higher than 0.90. The current modeling of Connarus suberosus showed that 88% of the area with a high probability of species occurrence is inside the Cerrado domain. Future projections suggest losses in the environmental suitability area around 40.8% and 44.8% in the optimistic scenario, 61.6% and 81.6% in the pessimistic scenario considering 2050 and 2070, respectively. Furthermore, we found a tendency of the C. suberosus to move in the Atlantic Forest direction. This modeling is an alert that the C. suberosus will suffer from future climate change.