The bryoflora of Brazil comprises 1,524 species, 117 families, and 413 genera (11 hornworts, 633 liverworts, and 880 mosses). The most diverse families of liverworts are: Lejeuneaceae (285 species), Lepidoziaceae (48), Frullaniaceae (37), Ricciaceae (36), Plagiochilaceae (27), Radulaceae and Metzgeriaceae (26 each), Lophocoleaceae (18), Aneuraceae (15), and Calypogeiaceae (13); while, for the mosses, we have: Sphagnaceae (83 species), Fissidentaceae (65) Pottiaceae (63), Dicranaceae (54), Bryaceae and Sematophyllaceae (53 each), Orthotrichaceae and Pilotrichaceae (51 each), Calymperaceae (48), and Hypnaceae (28). These large groups account for 71% of the Brazilian bryophyte species. Lejeuneaceae and Sphagnaceae are the families with highest number of endemic taxa (54 and 60 species). The Atlantic Rainforest presents the greatest number of species (1,337), followed by the Amazon Rainforest (570) and Cerrado (478). The highest number of endemic species (242) is associated with the Atlantic Rainforest, where the Dense Ombrophilous Forest concentrates 73% of the species with 62% endemism. The Southeastern region is the most diverse in number of species (1,228) and with more endemism (219). Most endangered species are restricted to the Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, which is the diversity and endemism centre for mosses and liverworts. The information currently presented by the Brazilian List is close to the real bryophyte diversity found in the country. Key words: hornworts, liverworts, mosses, bryoflora, South America. ResumoA brioflora do Brasil conta com 1.524 espécies, 117 famílias e 413 gêneros (11 antóceros, 633 hepáticas e 880 musgos). As famílias mais diversas de hepáticas são: Lejeuneaceae (285 espécies), Lepidoziaceae (48), Frullaniaceae (37), Ricciaceae (36), Plagiochilaceae (27), Radulaceae e Metzgeriaceae (26 cada), Lophocoleaceae (18), Aneuraceae (15) e Calypogeiaceae (13); e de musgos são: Sphagnaceae (83), Fissidentaceae (65), Pottiaceae (63), Dicranaceae (54), Bryaceae e Sematophyllaceae (53 cada), Orthotrichaceae e Pilotrichaceae (51 cada), Calymperaceae (48) e Hypnaceae (28), totalizando 71% das espécies de briófitas do país. Lejeuneaceae e Sphagnaceae são as famílias com maior número de endemismo (54 e 60 espécies). A Mata Atlântica apresenta o maior número de espécies (1.337), seguida pela Amazônia (570) e pelo Cerrado (478). Também apresenta o maior número de espécies endêmicas (242), com a Floresta Ombrófila Densa concentrando 73% dos táxons e 62% dos endemismos. A Região Sudeste é a mais diversa (1.228) e com maior endemismo (219). A maioria das espécies ameaçadas de extinção está restrita a Mata Atlântica do sudeste, que é um centro de diversidade e endemismo para musgos e hepáticas no país. As informações da Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil estão próximas da real diversidade de briófitas do país. Palavras-chave: antóceros, hepáticas, musgos, brioflora, América do Sul.

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International audienc

Serra da Canastra National Park is located in southwestern Minas Gerais State and contains several phytophysiognomies of the Brazilian Cerrado. To date, no study on bryophytes has been conducted in this area and the present study is the fi rst to be carried out in this major biological reserve of Cerrado located on the Brazilian Plateau. Th is study found 289 species of bryophytes, including mosses, liverworts, and one species of hornwort, representing fourtyone Brazilian endemic species and 56 new records for Minas Gerais State. Most species are widely distributed in Brazil, with only 16% having restricted distributions. Regarding worldwide distribution, 31% are Neotropical. Lejeuneaceae had the highest species richness among liverwort families with 53 species, whereas Sphagnaceae had the highest richness among moss families with 26 species. Phaeoceros laevis was the only hornwort species found in the park. Th is study contributes to the understanding of bryophyte species richness and distribution, and provides the worldwide and Brazilian distribution of the bryophyte fl ora of Serra da Canastra National Park, an important center for biodiversity conservation.

The evolutionary history and classification of epiphyllous cryptogams are still poorly known. Leptolejeunea is a largely epiphyllous pantropical liverwort genus with about 25 species characterized by deeply bilobed underleaves, elliptic to narrowly obovate leaf lobes, the presence of ocelli, and vegetative reproduction by cladia. Sequences of three chloroplast regions (rbcL, trnL‐F, psbA) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region were obtained for 66 accessions of Leptolejeunea and six outgroup species to explore the phylogeny, divergence times, and ancestral areas of this genus. The phylogeny was estimated using maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches, and divergence times were estimated with a Bayesian relaxed clock method. Leptolejeunea likely originated in Asia or the Neotropics within a time interval from the Early Eocene to the Late Cretaceous (67.9 Ma, 95% highest posterior density [HPD]: 47.9–93.7). Diversification of the crown group initiated in the Eocene or early Oligocene (38.4 Ma, 95% HPD: 27.2–52.6). Most species clades were established in the Miocene. Leptolejeunea epiphylla and L. schiffneri originated in Asia and colonized African islands during the Plio‐Pleistocene. Accessions of supposedly pantropical species are placed in different main clades. Several monophyletic morphospecies exhibit considerable sequence variation related to a geographical pattern. The clear geographic structure of the Leptolejeunea crown group points to evolutionary processes including rare long‐distance dispersal and subsequent speciation. Leptolejeunea may have benefitted from the large‐scale distribution of humid tropical angiosperm forests in the Eocene.

International audience[No abstract available

-[Flora of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: bryophytes (Anthocerotophyta, Bryophyta and Marchantiophyta)]. In Brazil the bryophyte researches are working in yours states of origin. There are several small floristic works to Brazil but works with a big number of species with descriptions and illustration for all taxa are few. The Serra do Cipó is a high diversity region, and the bryophyte floristic treatment inside the Fanerogamic Flora plan is a great opportunity. This treatment include 237 species and four varieties, distributed in two families, two genera and two species of Anthocerotophyta, 34 families, 67 genera e 142 species and four varieties of Bryophyta and 21 families, 47 genera and 93 species of Marchantiophyta.Key words: Bryophytes, Taxonomy, Campo Rupestre.Resumo -[Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: briófitas (Anthocerotophyta, Bryophyta e Marchantiophyta)]. O Brasil conta com poucos trabalhos de levantamento de briófitas sendo que os pesquisadores existentes estão empenhados em realizar levantamentos florísticos no estado onde estão radicados, existem vários pequenos tratamentos florísticos para o território nacional, porém trabalhos que trazem grande número de espécies e providenciam chaves descrições e ilustrações são raros. A Serra do Cipó pertence a uma região de alta diversidade e, a existência de um plano para a preparação da Flora é uma ótima oportunidade de providenciar um tratamento que envolve um grande número de espécies e de divulgar a diversidade das briófitas brasileiras. Estão sendo apresentadas 237 espécies e quatro variedades, sendo agrupados em duas famílias, dois gêneros e duas espécies de Anthocerotophyta, 34 famílias, 67 gêneros e 142 espécies e quatro variedade de Bryophyta e 21 famílias, 47 gêneros e 93 espécies de Marchantiophyta. Palavras-chave:Briófitas, Taxonomia, Campo Rupestre.

BRYOPHYTA (musgos) 1. Gametófitos verde-esbranquiçados; secção transversal do filídio apresentando células verdes e pequenas (clorocistos) e células grandes e hialinas (leucocísticas). 2. Ápice dos ramos em fascículos; secção transversal do filídio apresentando células clorocísticas alternando com as leucocísticas .