Recebido em junho/2017; Aceito em setembro/2017. RESUMO:Neste estudo caracterizou-se biometricamente os frutos e as sementes de Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl., oriundas dos municípios de Itaúba e Cláudia, MT. As coletas dos frutos de dez matrizes em área de mata nativa ocorreram em 26/11 e 22/12/14 e 10/03/15. Foram coletados todos os frutos no chão sob projeção da copa da matriz. Foram determinadas as seguintes variáveis: diâmetros equatorial e longitudinal do fruto e da semente, espessura do exocarpo e mesocarpo, massa do fruto e das sementes por fruto, número de frutos por planta e número de sementes por fruto. Os frutos apresentaram massa fresca entre 136 e 163 g, diâmetros médios de 34 cm (com exocarpo), espessura total superior a 11 cm (exocarpo + mesocarpo) e 17 sementes por fruto. A massa das sementes de B. excelsa sem tegumento variou de 2,95 a 4,20g. No beneficiamento dos frutos e das sementes da castanheira-do-Brasil na região Médio-Norte, MT, são gerados 68,35% de resíduos. Na safra 14/15, o pico de dispersão dos frutos de B. excelsa ocorreu no mês de dezembro. Coletas tardias de frutos (março) geram baixa qualidade do fruto e da semente. Palavras-chave: Bertholletia excelsa, castanha, produto florestal não-madeireiro, extrativismo. Biometry of fruit and seeds of brazil chestnut originiting of the Medium-North region ofMato Grosso state ABSTRACT: In this study the fruits and seeds of Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl., from the municipalities of Itaúba and Cláudia, MT, were characterized biometrically. The fruits collected from ten matrices in a native forest area. The colletions occurred on 11/26 and 12/22/14 and 10/03/15. All fruits were collected on the ground and under projection of the canopy of the matrix. The following variables were determined: equatorial and longitudinal diameters of fruit and seed, exocarp and mesocarp thickness, fruit and seed mass per fruit, number of fruits per plant and number of seeds per fruit. The fruits presented a fresh mass between 136 and 163 g, average diameters of 34 cm (with exocarp), total thickness superior to 11 cm (exocarp + mesocarp) and 17 seeds per fruit. The seed mass of B. excelsa without tegument ranged from 2.95 to 4.20 g. In the processing of fruits and seeds of Brazilian chestnut in the region of Medium-North, MT, 68.35% of waste is generated. In the 14/15 season, the fruit dispersion peak of B. excelsa occurred in the month of December. Late fruit collections (March) generate poor quality of fruit and seed.
Foi analisada a composição de comunidades de macroliquens epífitos sobre as seguintes espécies arbόreas utilizadas na arborização urbana em Curitiba: Acer negundo, Lagerstroemia indica, Ligustrum lucidum, Parapiptadenia rigida, Cassia leptophylla, Syagrus romanzoffian, Tabebuia alba, Tabebuia chrysotricha, Tabebuia heptaphylla e Tipuana tipu. Registrou-se um total de 84 espécies, sendo 14 citadas pela primeira vez para o estado do Paraná e Flavoparmelia soredians citada pela primeira vez para o Brasil. Parmeliaceae foi a família melhor representada com 45 espécies distribuídas em nove gêneros; seguida de Physciaceae com 24 espécies distribuídas em seis gêneros. as espécies arbόreas nativas apresentaram maior riqueza de espécies de liquens e maior número de espécies exclusivas do que as espécies arbόreas exόticas. a maior riqueza de espécies foi encontrada em Tabebuia chrysotricha, com 62 espécies, seguida de Syagrus romanzoffiana com 47 espécies. Candelaria concolor, Canoparmelia crozalsiana, Canoparmelia texana, Dirinaria applanata, Dirinaria conÀ uens, Heterodermia obscurata, Myelochroa lindmanii, Parmotrema pilosum, Physcia poncinsii, Punctelia borreri, Punctelia reddenda, Pyxine subcinerea, Ramalina celastri e Ramalina peruviana são indicadas como espécies de macroliquens com maior potencial em futuros estudos de biomonitoramento da qualidade do ar na cidade de Curitiba.
The native seed market in Brazil is recent, requires organization, and its governance is important, to approve resources’ quality and origin from taken resources. Widely ranged, Enterolobium schomburgkii was chosen, to sign use of simple techniques to evaluate seeds production. For the assessment of initial growth (germination and emergency), packages of three different provenances seeds (Alta Floresta, Sinop and Xingu-Araguaia) were evaluated, in two environmental conditions (controlled/Mangelsdorf/30 °C and seedbed/open area/room temperature) and four dormancy breaks (CTEA18, CTEA4, ELX, EA18), four samples with 25 seeds, in factorial design. Variables as germination/plant growth and GSR were evaluated with non-parametrical tests. Provenances were different: germination/plant growth was affected by all studied characters; meanwhile GSR, except environment. Both these characters are applied to evaluate plant vigour, important information to packages availability; or else, bigger will be GSR, higher will be seed growth speed, more environmentally adaptable will be the seed pack. Concerning dormancy, ELX, although laborious, was more consistent than other techniques, factor connected to provenances, due to variability of species distribution. Considering its wide range, physical dormancy break by sandpaper scarification was efficient. Thus, new studies are needed, in order to ensure robustness to the currently known recommendations.
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