The superficial and deep FAZ areas varied significantly among healthy eyes. Factors such as CRT, sex, SE, AL, and choroidal thickness influence the size of the FAZ.

Purpose The Coronavirus outbreak is rapidly emerging as a global health threat. With no proven vaccination or treatment, infection control measures are paramount. In this article, we aim to describe the impact of COVID-19 on our practice and share our strategies and guidelines to maintain a sustainable ophthalmology practice. Methods Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) Eye Centre is the only ophthalmology department supporting the National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID), which is the national screening center and the main center for management of COVID-19 patients in Singapore. Our guidelines during this outbreak are discussed. Results Challenges in different care settings in our ophthalmology practice have been identified and analyzed with practical solutions and guidelines implemented in anticipation of these challenges. First, to minimize cross-infection of COVID-19, stringent infection control measures were set up. These include personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers and routine cleaning of "high-touch" surfaces. Second, for outpatient care, a stringent dual screening and triaging process were carried out to identify high-risk patients, with proper isolation for such patients. Administrative measures to lower patient attendance and reschedule appointments were carried out. Third, inpatient and outpatient care were separated to minimize interactions. Last but not least, logistics and manpower plans were drawn up in anticipation of resource demands and measures to improve the mental well-being of staff were implemented. Conclusion We hope our measures during this COVID-19 pandemic can help ophthalmologists globally and serve to guide and maintain safe access in ophthalmology clinics when faced with similar disease outbreaks.

The PCV subtype seen on initial presentation affects the long-term visual outcomes over a 5-year period.

There is significant topographic variation of choroidal and RTs at different regions of the macula, with progressive change of choroidal thickness in all sectors based on the refractive status of the eye.

No abstract

The SCORE Analyzer algorithm, developed and validated in eyes of white subjects, was found to be valid and consistent in Asian eyes, showing good sensitivity and specificity in FFKC detection, and to be useful in objectively identifying cases at risk of post-LASIK keratectasia.

PURPOSE: To describe higher order ocular aberrations in eyes with keratoconus. METHODS: Prospective, observational, case-control study comparing higher order ocular aberrations in patients with keratoconus with control subjects with myopia. RESULTS: One hundred sixteen patients with keratoconus were recruited. Data were analyzed in 35 keratoconus eyes, 38 keratoconus suspect eyes, and 166 right eyes with myopia. Mean total higher order root-mean-square (RMS) values (3rd to 5th order) were 1.73±0.71 µm in eyes with keratoconus, 0.94±0.66 µm in eyes with keratoconus suspect, and 0.49±0.16 µm in control eyes. Keratoconus eyes had greater total higher order RMS, 3rd to 5th order RMS, and RMS for all Zernike terms than those in the control group (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Keratoconus and keratoconus suspect eyes had significantly larger higher order aberrations in total higher order RMS and 3rd order RMS than control eyes. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:825-828.]

The visual outcome following treatment varies with PCV subtype classification. The distinction in clinical outcomes between the PCV subtypes is observed in the initial months following the start of treatment.