No abstract

Carbon nanomaterials such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), graphene, fullerenes and nanotubes are on the frontline of materials research due to their excellent physical properties, which in recent years, have started to compete with conventional inorganic materials in charge transfer based applications. Recently, a variety of new structures such as single-walled carbon nanobelts (SWCNBs) have been conceived, however, to date only one 'all-phenyl' example has been synthesised, due to problems with their stability and the challenging synthetic methodologies required. This study introduces a new class of phenacene-based SWCNBs and their chalcogenide derivatives, forming the new sub-class of single-walled heterocyclic carbon nanobelts (SWHNBs) which are expected to be both more stable and easier to synthesise than the all carbon analogues. Subsequent theoretical examination of the structure-property relationships found that unlike the small-molecule acene homologues (tetracene, pentacene etc.) which become more reactive with addition of oxygen, an increase in the molecular size of the SWCNBs actually stabilises the HOMO energy level, in correlation with the increasingly negative nuclear independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations of their cylindrical aromaticities. The FMO energies of the phenacene SWCNBs are similar to that of the nanobelt reported by Itami and co-workers, but those of the SWHNBs are deeper and thus more stable. The sulfur derivative of one SWHNB was found to give hole-charge transfer mobilities as high as 1.12 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is three orders of magnitude larger than the corresponding unsubstituted SWCNB (3 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1). These findings suggest the candidates are air-stable and potentially high-performing organic semiconductors for organic thin film transistor (OTFT) devices, while the structure-property relationships uncovered here will aid the design and synthesis of future three-dimensional organic nanomaterials.

No abstract

Recent years have seen a significant increase in the use of inkjet technology for printing on textile fabrics. Typical inkjet printed textile products included curtains, large advertising posters, flags and banners. As a result of the need for such inkjet printed products to have a greater durability, especially for outdoor applications, inks containing pigments as the colourants are gaining more interests. However, pigments may give rise to logistical problems in terms of their dispersion stability within the ink formulation, consequently blocking the nozzles within the inkjet print head. This paper reports methods for the preparation of pigment dispersions and of inkjet printing ink formulations and the methods for the evaluation of the suitability of pigmented ink formulations for jet printing on textile materials. In particular, the suitability of three magenta pigments for inkjet inks were assessed and reported.

The genetic heterogeneities in cancer cells pose challenges to achieving precise drug treatment in a widely applicable manner. Most single-cell gene analysis methods rely on cell lysis for gene extraction and identification, showing limited capacity to provide the correlation of genetic properties and realtime cellular behaviors. Here, we report a single living cell analysis nanoplatform that enables interrogating gene properties and drug resistance in millions of single cells. We designed a Domino-probe to identify intracellular target RNAs while releasing 10-fold amplified fluorescence signals. An on-chip addressable microwellnanopore array was developed for enhanced electro-delivery of the Domino-probe and in situ observation of cell behaviors. The proofof-concept of the system was validated in primary lung cancer cell samples, revealing the positive-correlation of the ratio of EGFR mutant cells with their drug susceptibilities. This platform provides a high-throughput yet precise tool for exploring the relationship between intracellular genes and cell behaviors at the single-cell level.

Shape memory hydrogels, a promising class of smart materials for biomedical applications, have attracted increasing research attention owing to their tissue-like water-rich network structure. However, preparing shape memory hydrogels with high mechanical strength and body temperature-responsiveness has proven to be an extreme challenge. This study presents a facile and scalable methodology to prepare highly tough hydrogels with body temperature-responsive shape memory effect based on synergetic hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. 2phenoxyethyl acrylate (PEA) and acrylamide (AAm) were chosen as hydrophobic monomer and hydrophilic hydrogen bonding monomer, respectively. The prepared hydrogels exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 5.1±0.16 MPa with satisfactory stretchability, and the mechanical strength showed a strong dependence on temperature. Besides, the hydrogel with 60 mol% PEA shows an excellent body temperature-responsive shape memory behavior with almost 100% shape fixity and shape recovery. Furthermore, we applied the hydrogels as shape memory embolization plug for simulating vascular occlusion, and the embolism performance was preliminarily explored in vitro. MAIN TEXT

The structural evolution of cost-effective organo-clays (montmorillonite modified with different loadings of CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide)) is investigated and linked to the adsorption uptake and mechanism of an important industrial dye (hydrolyzed Remazol Black B). Key organo-clay characteristics, such as the intergallery spacing and the average number of well-stacked layers per clay stack, are determined by low-angle X-ray diffraction, while differential thermogravimetric analysis is used to differentiate between surface-bound and intercalated CTAB. Insights into the dye adsorption mechanism are gained through the study of the adsorption kinetics and through the characterization of the organo-clay structure and surface charge after dye adsorption. It is shown that efficient adsorption of anionic industrial dyes is driven by three key parameters: (i) sufficiently large intergallery spacing to enable accommodation of the relatively large dye molecules, (ii) crystalline disorder in the stacking direction of the clay platelets to facilitate dye access, (iii) and positive surface charge to promote interaction with the anionic dyes. Specifically, it is shown that, at low modifier loadings (0.5 cation exchange capacity (0.5CEC)), CTAB molecules exclusively intercalate as a monolayer into the clay intergallery spaces, while, with increasing modifier loadings, the CTAB molecules adopt a bilayer arrangement and adsorb onto the exterior clay surface. Bilayer intercalation results in sufficiently large expansion of the intergallery spaces and significant disordering along the (001) stacking direction to enable high and relatively fast dye uptake via intraparticle diffusion. Poor and slow dye uptake is observed for the organo-clays with a monolayer structure, suggesting relatively inefficient dye adsorption at the clay edges. The optimized bilayer organo-clays (montmorillonite modified with 3CEC of CTAB) also show enhanced adsorption efficiencies for other important industrial dyes, highlighting the importance of structural control in organo-clays while also showing the adsorbents' great potential for use in industry where dye mixtures are encountered.

Purpose -This article aims to present a systematic and up-to-date account of carbon-based reinforcements, including carbon nanotube (CNT), carbon nanofibre (CNF), carbon black (CB), carbon fibre (CF) and graphene, in SMP for electrical actuation. Practical implications -It was clear that SMPs with carbon-based reinforcements can be used as smart deployable space structure in the broad field of aerospace technologies.Originality/value -Systematic review of the research and development of the utilisation of CNT, CNF, CB, CF and graphene to achieve shape recovery of SMP composites through electrically resistive heating, which will significantly benefit the research and development of smart materials and systems.