This study examines the fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield and the effect of fruit storage on the quality of palm oil in Bangun Bandar Estate, Dolok Masihul, North Sumatra, with special

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Mangrove forest in the context of climate change is important sector to be included in the inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The present study describes land-use and land-cover change during 2006-2012 of a mangrove forest conservation area, Karang Gading and Langkat Timur Laut Wildlife Reserve (KGLTLWR) in North Sumatra, Indonesia and their implications to carbon dioxide emissions. A land-use change matrix showed that the decrease of mangrove forest due to increases of other land-use such as aquaculture (50.00%) and oil palm plantation (28.83%).

Arifiyanto D, Basyuni M, Sumardi, Putri LAP, Siregar ES, Risnasari I, Syahputra I. 2017. Short Communication: Occurrence and cluster analysis of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) fruit type using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. Biodiversitas 18: 1487- 1492. The problems that have been faced by palm oil breeders are the length of time and high costs to discover the type of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) fruit namely Dura, Pisifera, or Tenera, before using as a seed parent. These conditions are ineffective and add to the cost of maintenance and the production of seedling is more expensive. The present study describes the occurrence and cluster analysis of palm oil fruits using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D-TLC). The leaves and fruit on each fruit mesocarp and shell, commercial seed on each fruit type were sampled through direct determination, plant nurseries, commercial seed and unknown type of palm oil. 2D-TLC chromatograms of hexane extracts showed diversity in palm oil fruits: Dura had ficaprenol-type polyprenol (C50-C60) and no carbon chain-length of polyprenol and dolichols (C85-C100) were found. In Tenera polyprenols of C45-C60 and C90-C100 occurred and dolichols of C85-C105 as well, where polyprenols of C45 and C105 and dolichol of C105 found in Tenera were not detected in Pisifera. To confirm these findings, cluster analysis was drawn using the UPGMA method. The dendrogram demonstrated that the three types of palm oil were grouped to fruit type, suggesting that the occurrence of polyisoprenoids in palm oil fruits were chemotaxonomically significant.