RésuméAujourd'hui, même s'il reste classé comme stupéfiant dont la détention implique des poursuites judiciaires, le cannabis est sous-estimé dans toutes ses conséquences et tous ses effets.Près de 50 % des jeunes de 17 ans déclarent avoir expérimenté le cannabis dans une moyenne d'âge de 15 ans (OFDT 2007). La « cohésion » et la « hiérarchie », deux éléments de la structure familiale non explorés jusque-là dans ce domaine, ont pu nous renseigner sur le lien entre cette dernière et les conduites de consommation du cannabis à l'adolescence. Pour ce, et connaissant la difficulté de recrutement des adolescents, nous avons choisi un outil adapté et attractif pour évaluer, à cet âge, une réalité aussi complexe que l'univers familial, le FAST (Family System Test).La recherche s'est déroulée au Centre Monceau pour les thérapies familiales, auprès d'adolescents (N = 18), âgés de 15 à19 ans.Les résultats ont montré que les rapports hiérarchiques entre les différents membres de la famille sont très faibles, avec de grandes « coalitions intergénérationnelles » au sein des familles.Une absence ou un mauvais rapport au père seraient en lien avec les plus hauts niveaux de consommation du cannabis et la dépendance.Page 2 of 7 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 Enfin l'étude a montré que la structure familiale non équilibrée, c'est-à-dire les niveaux extrêmes de la cohésion et de la hiérarchie, serait probablement plus significativement corrélée avec la conduite de consommation, avec un nombre plus large de sujets.Mots clés : Adolescence ; Cannabis ; Coalitions ; Cohésion ; Hiérarchie ; Structure familiale ; Test du system familial AbstractNowadays, even when it is still classified as a narcotic, of which the detention implies judicial pursuits, marijuana is underestimated in all its consequences and all its effects.Approximately 50% of 17 year olds declared experimenting with marijuana starting at the average age of 15. (OFDT 2007) "Cohesion" and "Power", two fundamental elements of the family structure that were not yet explored in this domain, were able to inform us on the link between them and adolescent's marijuana consumption. For this, knowing the difficulty of adolescents' recruitment, we chose an adapted and attractive tool to evaluate, at this age, a reality as complex as the family universeThe FAST (Family System Test).The research was conducted at the Monceau Center for Family Therapy with adolescents (N=18) aged between 15 and 19.The results showed weak hierarchic relations with big "intergenerational coalitions" within the families. Furthermore, an absence or a bad relationship with the father would have a link with the highest levels of marijuana consumption. At last, the study showed that the nonequilibrated family structure (extreme levels of cohesion and power) could be more significantly correlated with marijuana consumption behaviour, on a larger sample.
El objetivo de este estudio es identificar los factores críticos para la adopción de e-marketing en México, que no han sido validados en el contexto latinoamericano en el pasado. Para lograrlo, se contó con una muestra de 302 micro, pequeñas y medianas empresa (mipymes), de los sectores de manufactura, servicios, comercio y construcción en México, a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta que respondieron los gerentes y cuyos resultados fueron analizados mediante ecuaciones estructurales. Primero, se hizo un análisis factorial donde se identificaron los factores más importantes para la adopción de e-marketing por las mipymes mexicanas: adopción de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), implementación de e-marketing, rendimiento organizacional, y competitividad tecnológica. Posteriormente, se propuso un modelo, relacionando los factores identificados en el análisis factorial, que fue validado usando ecuaciones estructurales. Si bien en el modelo propuesto no todas las relaciones son significativas, se puede resaltar que, dentro del contexto de mipymes mexicanas, los factores adopción de tic, la implementación de e-marketing, el rendimiento organizacional y la competitividad tecnológica son importantes y nuevos en la literatura.
Software systems are one of the most important technologies that are present in every task that humans and computers perform. Humans perform their tasks by using a computer interface. However, because many developers have not been exposed to one or more courses on Human Computer Interaction (HCI), they sometimes create software using their own preferences based on their skills and abilities and do not consult theories that could help them produce better outcomes. A study was carried out to identity whether software that is developed by using Gestalt Theory combined with interface development principles produces better outcomes compared to software developed using developers' current skills. Results show that participants perceived the system that was developed by a team that had been given training about Gestalt Theory and design guidelines had superior perceived quality compared to another team that did not receive the training. However, results should be taken cautiously.
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