Oliveira, et al. (1995), previously used in a population sample from Northeast Brazil. Material and Methods: The accuracy of this method was assessed for a population from Southeast Brazil and validated by statistical tests. The method used two mandibular measurements, namely the bigonial distance and the mandibular ramus height. The sample was composed of 66 skulls and the method was applied by two examiners. The results were statistically analyzed by the paired t test, logistic discriminant analysis and logistic regression. Results: The results demonstrated that the application of the method of Oliveira, et al. (1995) in this population achieved very different outcomes between genders, with 100% for females and only 11% for males, which may be explained by ethnic differences. However, statistical adjustment of measurement data for the population analyzed allowed accuracy of 76.47% for males and 78.13% for females, with the creation of a new discriminant formula. Conclusion: It was concluded that methods involving physical anthropology present high rate of accuracy for human LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ HDV\ DSSOLFDWLRQ ORZ FRVW DQG VLPSOLFLW\ KRZHYHU WKH PHWKRGRORJLHV PXVW be validated for the different populations due to differences in ethnic patterns, which are GLUHFWO\ UHODWHG WR WKH SKHQRW\SLF DVSHFWV ,Q WKLV VSHFL¿F FDVH WKH PHWKRG RI 2OLYHLUD et al. (1995) presented good accuracy and may be used for gender estimation in Brazil in two geographic regions, namely Northeast and Southeast; however, for other regions of the country (North, Central West and South), previous methodological adjustment is recommended as demonstrated in this study.

OBJECTIvE: This study aimed to determine the sex in human craniums using methodologies of Physical Anthropology, quantitative (Forensic Data Anthropology Bank, FDB, 1986) and one qualitative (Walker, 2008) and genetic analysis by amelogenin. METhODS: The sample was composed of 66 skulls (34 males and 32 females) from the Center for Study and Research in Forensic Science, Guarulhos, SP. The methodologies were applied by two researchers who were unaware of the cranium's sexes. For the statistical analysis, there were performed descriptive analysis, average, standard deviation, linear discriminant analysis and logistic regression. RESUlTS: The qualitative methodology presented an accuracy of 89.52%. For the DNA, it was possible to determine the sex in 86.15% of the sample. Analyzing the results for each skull in three different methodologies, we reached 100% correct. CONClUSION: As a result of this study, it is recommended that physical anthropology be the chosen method if it presents good accuracy when applied to different populations or if it is validated for the analyzed population. Otherwise, genetic analysis should be used for the determination of the sex.Key words: Physical Anthropology; DNA; Molecular Biology; Sex characteristics; Sex differentiation Estudo estimativo do sexo em crânios oriundos da região metropolitana de Guarulhos utilizando Antropologia Física e DNA RESumo OBJETIvO: O presente estudo propõe determinar o sexo de crânios humanos, a partir de metodologias quantitativa (Forensic Data Anthropology Bank, FDB, 1986) e qualitativa (Walker, 2008) da antropologia física além de análise genética da amelogenina. MéTODOS: A amostra foi composta de 66 esqueletos (34 masculinos e 32 femininos) do Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa Forense de Guarulhos, SP. As metodologias de avaliação foram aplicadas por dois pesquisadores que desconheciam o sexo dos crânios. Para análise estatísitica, foi realizada análise descritiva (média e desvio-padrão). RESUlTADOS: A análise qualitativa alcançou uma acurácia de 89.52%. A partir da análise do DNA, foi possível determinar o sexo em 86.15% das amostras. Ao avaliar, cada crânio, seguindo as 3 metodologias, foi possível alcançar 100% de acurácia. CONClUSãO: A partir dos resultados do presente estudo, fica recomendado o uso da antropologia física para a determinaçnao do sexo, desde que esteja validada para a população em análise. Além disso, a análise genética deve ser utilizada para a determinação do sexo de crânios humanos.

Introduction: The ratios of the human face and body have been analyzed since Antiquity. The bone architecture of the head is based on proportional relationships that are very valuable in the application of auxiliary techniques for identifying individuals of unknown identity. Aims: The objective of this study was to verify the Divine Ratio in a sample of Brazilian skulls from the northeast region, using craniometric measurements and indices and showing their potential in sketches. Materials and Methods: The measurements were taken directly from the skulls, and 14 craniometric measurements were selected from which 3 geometric formulas, 6 horizontal and 4 vertical relationships, and 6 facial indices were calculated. The data were tabulated and described, using the Confidence Interval of the mean (p<0.05). Results: The Golden Ratio (1.618) was not found in the population examined; however, it was possible to establish facial indices and coefficients of the measurements themselves, constructing regional anthropometric parameters based on the ratios studied. The ratio of the height of the head in relation to the height of the face (1.69) was the variable that most closely resembled the Golden Number, and the ratio of the height of the nose equaling half the height of the face (0.92) was the variable that most closely approached the equalities. Conclusion: It was found to be possible to use one craniometric measurement to obtain another one, using the facial indices and the calculated linear regressions, with some of the variables. This study makes a potential contribution to the search for establishing skull ratios that are reproducible for the face, contributing to the improvement of sketch techniques in future studies.

Resumo. Presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar um caso pericial ocorrido em razão de um acidente aéreo no sul da Bahia, Brasil, no qual a contribuição da odontologia legal foi decisiva nos trabalhos de identificação humana. O desastre vitimou 14 pessoas, sendo 10 adultos e 04 crianças. A análise de dados odontológicos foi utilizada como método primário de identificação humana positivando 57,14% das identificações. O exame dentário comparativo ante e post-mortem foi feito por peritos odontolegistas utilizando informações do prontuário odontológico como fichas, radiografias periapicais e modelos de gesso das vítimas adultas, atingindo a taxa de 71,42% das identificações. Um grande número de crianças falecidas (75%) foi identificado pela estimativa da idade pelo grau de desenvolvimento dentário, destacando-se a importância do RX periapical como técnica eficiente no processo de identificação humana. Evidenciou-se ainda a importância do trabalho pericial dos peritos odontolegistas quando envolvidos nos casos de desastres em massa pela identificação através dos elementos dentários.

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