Winter rapeseed is susceptible to low temperature during winter in Northwest China, which could lead to a severe reduction of crop production. The freezing temperature could stress the whole plant, especially the leaf, and ultimately harm the survival rate of winter rapeseed. However, the molecular mechanism underlying freezing tolerance is still unclear in winter rapeseed. In this study, a comprehensive investigation of winter rapeseed freezing tolerance was conducted at the levels of transcript, protein, and physiology and biochemistry, using a pair of freezing-sensitive and freezing-resistant cultivars NQF24 and 17NTS57. There were 4,319 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 137 unique differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) between two cultivars identified in leaf under freezing stress. Function enrichment analysis showed that most of the enriched DEGs and DAPs were involved in plant hormone signal transduction, alpha-linolenic/linoleic acid metabolism, peroxisome, glutathione metabolism, fatty acid degradation, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Based on our findings, it was speculated that freezing tolerance formation is caused by increased signal transduction, enhanced biosynthesis of protein, secondary metabolites, and plant hormones, elevated energy supply, greater reactive oxygen species scavenging, and lower lipid peroxidation as well as stronger cell stability in leaf under freezing stress. These results provide a comprehensive profile of leaf response under freezing stress, which have potential to be used as selection indicators of breeding programs to improve freezing tolerance in rapeseed.

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Two winter rapeseed cultivars, “NS” (cold tolerant) and “NF” (cold sensitive), were used to reveal the morphological, physiological, and proteomic characteristics in leaves of plants after treatment at -4°C for 12 h(T1) and 24 h(T2), and at room temperature(T0), to understand the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance. Antioxidant activity and osmotic adjustment ability were higher, and plasma membrane injury was less obvious, in NS than in NF under cold stress. We detected different abundant proteins (DAPs) related to cold tolerance in winter rapeseed through data-independent acquisition (DIA). Compared with NF, A total of 1,235 and 1,543 DAPs were identified in the NSs under T1 and T2, respectively. Compared with NF, 911 proteins were more abundant in NS only after cold treatment. Some of these proteins were related to ROS scavenging through four metabolic pathways: lysine degradation; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan; flavonoid biosynthesis; and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis. Analysis of these proteins in the four candidate pathways revealed that they were rapidly accumulated to quickly enhance ROS scavenging and improve the cold tolerance of NS. These proteins were noticeably more abundant during the early stage of cold stress, which was critical for avoiding ROS damage.

Objective: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the influence of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery showed inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of RIPC on AKI after cardiac surgery.Methods: Relevant studies were obtained by search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane's Library databases. A random-effect model was used to pool the results. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were used to determine the source of heterogeneity.Results: Twenty-two RCTs with 5,389 patients who received cardiac surgery −2,702 patients in the RIPC group and 2,687 patients in the control group—were included. Moderate heterogeneity was detected (p for Cochrane's Q test = 0.03, I2 = 40%). Pooled results showed that RIPC significantly reduced the incidence of AKI compared with control [odds ratio (OR): 0.76, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.61–0.94, p = 0.01]. Results limited to on-pump surgery (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64–0.95, p = 0.01) or studies with acute RIPC (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63–0.97, p = 0.03) showed consistent results. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses indicated that study characteristics, including study design, country, age, gender, diabetic status, surgery type, use of propofol or volatile anesthetics, cross-clamp time, RIPC protocol, definition of AKI, and sample size did not significantly affect the outcome of AKI. Results of stratified analysis showed that RIPC significantly reduced the risk of mild-to-moderate AKI that did not require renal replacement therapy (RRT, OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60–0.96, p = 0.02) but did not significantly reduce the risk of severe AKI that required RRT in patients after cardiac surgery (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.50–1.07, p = 0.11).Conclusions: Current evidence supports RIPC as an effective strategy to prevent AKI after cardiac surgery, which seems to be mainly driven by the reduced mild-to-moderate AKI events that did not require RRT. Efforts are needed to determine the influences of patient characteristics, procedure, perioperative drugs, and RIPC protocol on the outcome.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a cardiovascular disease caused by multiple factors, leading to high mortality and morbidity in aged people. Some long noncoding RNAs have been reported to be associated with AS progression. However, the roles of OIP5-AS1 in AS development are still little known. In this study, the levels of OIP5-AS1 and miR-26a-5p in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. The protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, B-cell lymphoma-2, cleaved caspase 3, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β), protein kinase B (AKT), p-AKT, p65, p-p65, IκBα, and p-IκBα were detected by Western blot analysis. The targeting relationship between OIP5-AS1 and miR-26a-5p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, and RNA pull-down assay. As a result, the expression of OIP5-AS1 was upregulated and miR-26a-5p was downregulated in ox-LDL–treated HUVECs. MiR-26a-5p was identified as a direct target of OIP5-AS1. OIP5-AS1 knockdown reversed the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and the promotional effects on apoptosis and inflammation induced by ox-LDL treatment in HUVECs. Interestingly, the effects caused by OIP5-AS1 knockdown were further attenuated by miR-26a-5p inhibition. Furthermore, OIP5-AS1 knockdown blocked the AKT/NF-κB pathway by regulating miR-26a-5p expression. In conclusion, OIP5-AS1 knockdown promoted cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis and inflammatory response in ox-LDL–treated HUVECs by targeting miR-26a-5p through blocking the AKT/NF-κB pathway, indicating a promising strategy for AS treatment.

Winter rapeseed seedlings are susceptible to low temperature during overwintering in Northwest China, leading to reduced crops production. Freezing stress is one of the utmost environmental stresses in Northwest China from late autumn to early spring, which are eventful for overwinter survival rate of winter rapeseed. However, the molecular mechanism of freezing tolerance formation is still very backward in winter rapeseed. In this study, using a pair of freezing-sensitive and freezing-resistant cultivars NQF24 and NTS57, the exhaustive effects of freezing stress on freezing tolerance formation were evaluated by analyzing leaf at the levels of transcriptome, proteome, physiology and ultrastructure. There were 8497 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 418 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) speci cally identi ed in leaf of NQF24 under freezing stress, while 7358 DEGs and 573 DAPs were speci cally identi ed in leaf of NTS57. Function enrichment analysis showed that most of the enriched DEGs and DAPs were associated with plant hormones signal transduction, fatty acid metabolism, ribosome, plant-pathogen interaction and secondary metabolites biosynthesis.Freezing tolerance is formed by enhanced signals transduction, increased the biosynthesis of protein and secondary metabolites, higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, more osmolytes, lower lipid peroxidation, and stronger ultrastructure. These results can be taken as selection indicators in freezing tolerance breeding program in rapeseed.

Vavilov (1935) described China as the earliest and largest independent centre of origin of cultivated plants. Gansu Province occupies the geographic centre of China. With an area of 454,000 km2, latitudes ranging from 32°3′N to 42°57′N and elevations varying from 500 to 6200 m, the province has an extremely diverse climate and topography. Stretching 1653 km along the ancient Silk Road, Gansu also has a long history of agriculture (6000 years) and for centuries was exposed to dynamic cultural exchanges between the East and the West. The unique combination of these conditions allowed rapeseed to be introduced from Europe and the Middle East, to evolve over a long time of cultivation and to diversify to adapt to many types of ecological conditions and cropping systems in Gansu. Currently, rich genetic resources exist in Gansu for Brassica rapa, B. juncea, B. chinensis and Eruca sativa. Eight landraces are described to demonstrate the diversity of rapeseed genetic resources in Gansu. It is generally recognized that B. chinensis originated in China. Information provided in this paper suggests that Gansu and its adjacent regions could also be a centre of diversity for B. rapa and B. juncea.