The paper provides a short overview of Brazilian aquaculture production and some of the influences affecting its development. Data on total and species‐specific production are provided along with the locations, numbers of producers, their market contributions and influences. The focus is on some of the key groups, not all, especially tilapia, tambaqui, shrimp, prawn and mollusc farming. The wider influences on production including markets, management practices, technology, resources and research and also consumer and global influences are briefly mentioned to locate the developments in a wider context.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) are two infectious agents associated to economic losses in shrimp aquaculture. As virus spread occurs through vectors and hosts, this study sought to verify the presence of WSSV and IHHNV in Neohelice granulata crab from Lagoa dos Patos estuary in Brazil and nearby shrimp farms. DNA extractions were performed with phenol/chloroform protocol. Molecular diagnosis was carried out by nested PCR for WSSV and one-step PCR for IHHNV. Results showed the presence of WSSV on crabs of both Lagoa dos Patos and farms, while IHHNV was found only on crabs collected in estuary. This is the first study to report IHHNV presence in N. granulata. Moreover, as analyzed crabs had no clinical symptoms or showed in situ mortality, we suggest its use as a bioindicator for virus occurrence in aquatic environments.

A scoping project was funded by the Food and Agriculture Organization in 2017 on the health and safety of aquaculture workers. This project developed a template covering basic types of aquaculture production, health and safety hazards and risks, and related data on injuries and occupational ill health, regulations, social welfare conditions, and labour and industry activity in the sector. Profiles using the template were then produced for key aquaculture regions and nations across the globe where information could be obtained. These revealed both the scale and depth of occupational safety and health (OSH) challenges in terms of data gaps, a lack of or poor risk assessment and management, inadequate monitoring and regulation, and limited information generally about aquaculture OSH. Risks are especially high for offshore/marine aquaculture workers. Good practice as well as barriers to improving aquaculture OSH were noted. The findings from the profiles were brought together in an analysis of current knowledge on injury and work-related ill health, standards and regulation, non-work socioeconomic factors affecting aquaculture OSH, and the role of labour and industry in dealing with aquaculture OSH challenges. Some examples of governmental and labour, industry and non-governmental organisation good practice were identified. Some databases on injury and disease in the sector and research initiatives that solved problems were noted. However, there are many challenges especially in rural and remote areas across Asia but also in the northern hemisphere that need to be addressed. Action now is possible based on the knowledge available, with further research an important but secondary objective.

The One Health concept applied to aquaculture include many aspects involving animal, human and environmental health, political, economic and social developments. Here we highlight the aspects associated with occupational health in aquaculture within the concept of One Health. From a public health perspective, the aquaculture industry could uses the One Health approach to prevent and control occupational diseases in aquaculture workers. We propose to bring the One health concept for aquaculture in order of prevent and control health and safety hazards for workers in aquaculture.

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Aquaculture has many occupational hazards, including those that are physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and mechanical. The risks in aquaculture are inherent, as this activity requires particular practices. The objective of the present study was to show the risks associated with the aquaculture sector and present a critical overview on the Brazilian public policies concerning aquaculture occupational health. Methods include online research involved web searches and electronic databases including Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scielo and government databases. We conducted a careful revision of Brazilian labor laws related to occupational health and safety, rural workers, and aquaculture. The results and conclusion support the idea that aquaculture requires specific and well-established industry programs and policies, especially in developing countries. Aquaculture still lacks scientific research, strategies, laws, and public policies to boost the sector with regard to occupational health and safety. The establishment of a safe workplace in aquaculture in developing countries remains a challenge for all involved in employer-employee relationships.

Latin America and the Caribbean have an important role in the world production of aquatic animals. The region is among the most productive of regions, and apart from Asia and China, it occupies major position in terms of volume, with growth prospects of 33% in the next 10 years. Chile, with Brazil and Ecuador, accounted for 77% of the South America volume production. Together with Mexico and Peru, these countries contribute 87% of LAC's aquaculture production. We reviewed the main official documents and articles related to LAC's aquaculture production. Some production data are updated, others are not. Although the region has an important role in the production of food from aquatic animals, many challenges are faced in these countries.