Wild pepper of Piper colubrinum Link is used as rootstocks for grafted black pepper (Piper nigrum/Piper colubrinum) because its resistance to fungi that cause root rot disease. Grafted black pepper nurseries and plantations began to be developed by farmers in Lampung. This research aims to study the growth characteristics of wild pepper and grafted black pepper plants. The research was conducted in the field of wild pepper and grafted black pepper owned by farmers in Air Kubang Village, Air Naningan District, Tanggamus, Lampung, using survey method. Plant samples were determined randomly in the fields. The results showed that: (1) Wild pepper plants starts at the age of 1 year form plagiotropic branches with small diameters every 1-2 orthotropic branches, but slowly form orthotropic branches; (2) After the second pruning (of harvesting cuttings) 22% of the plants form orthotropic branches. The yield of pepper cuttings from the first to third harvests increased by 21-25% compared to the previous yield. In the third harvest, the production of cuttings reached 5066 cuttings (2 nodes) per 400 m2 land area or equivalent to 126,650 cuttings per ha of land harvested every 2 months; (3) At the age of 18 months, compared to non-grafted, grafted black pepper showed a greater greeness leaf index, larger stem diameter, larger plagiotropic branch diameter, higher number of orthotropic and plagiotropic branches, and 15.6% of grafted black pepper plants were flowering. Key words : Black pepper, cutting, flowering, growth, grafting, Piper colubrinum
Grafting of different coffee species (interspecific grafting) aims to take advantage of the superiority of the rootstock and promote the growth and production of the scion. For example, Robusta coffee is grafted with Liberika coffee as rootstock. One of the principles of fertilization is the application of fertilizer at the right time. This study aimed to determine the effect of clones of Robusta/Liberica interspecific grafting and different fertilization times on the growth and yield of Robusta coffee. The research was conducted in a 15-year-old coffee plantation with the rootstock of Liberika coffee of the Red Robinson variety which was grafted to the scion of multiclonal Robusta coffee. Planting distance of coffee was 2.5 m x 2.5 m and shade trees were Gliricidia sepium. This research used a split plot design arranged in a factorial (4x2) with three replications so that there were 24 experimental units. The main plot was the time of fertilization, namely in early April and October and in early May and November. As sub-plots, there were Robusta coffee clones, namely Korolla 1, Korolla 2, Tugu Bungkuk, and Darmani. The results showed that fertilization time, clones, and their interactions did not affect the number of primary branches, primary branch length, number of secondary branches, fruit weight of harvested samples, number of fruit per bunch, fruit weight per bunch, dry seed weight per bunch, and coffee yield per tree. The interaction of coffee clones and fertilization time had a significant effect on the number of pods per branch, the number of harvested samples, dry bean weight of harvested samples, dry bean weight per branch, and coffee yield per hectare. For Darmani coffee clones, delaying fertilization from April and October to May and November reduced coffee yield. Key words : Interspesific grafting, Liberica, Robusta, time of fertilization, yield
Bahan pembenah tanah seperti Batuan fosfat alam (BFA), biochar, organonitropos, dan pupuk kandang sapi dapat dijadikan bahan untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman kedelai dilahan kering masam. Pemberian bahan pembenah tanah ini dapat mempengaruhi sifat fisik tanah khususnya agregat tanah yang akan mempengaruhi produksi tanaman. Agregat tanah mempengaruhi kemampuan tanah dalam menyediakan ruang pori untuk penyediaan air, udara dan unsur hara. Pemberian BFA dapat memperbaiki keadaan lahan kering masam dengan melepas unsur P secara perlahan. Sedangkan, bahan pembenah tanah lainnya memiliki pengaruh jangka panjang untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui evektivitas pengaplikasian BFA dan bahan pembenah tanah lainnya yaitu Biochar, organonitropos, dan pupuk kandang sapi terhadap distribusi agregat tanah, serta mengetahui interaksi antara aplikasi BFA dan bahan pembenah tanah lainnya terhadap distribusi agregat tanah. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor dan 3 ulangan, faktor pertama adalah pemupukan P dengan 2 taraf yaitu tanpa perlakuan (P0) dan BFA (P1) 5 ton ha-1, faktor kedua adalah bahan pembenah tanah dengan 3 taraf yaitu tanpa perlakuan (B0), biochar (B1) 5 ton ha-1, organonitrofos (B2) 10 ton ha-1, dan pupuk kandang sapi (B3) 10 ton ha-1.Variabel pengamatan meliputi jumlah agregat, partikel dan tekstur, dan C-organik tanah. Keragaman data dianalisis melalui uji homogenitas ragam menggunakan uji Barlett dan adivitas data diuji dengan uji Tukey. Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi BFA dan bahan pembenah tanah lainya berpengaruh nyata pada distribusi jumlah agregat pertanaman kedelai, serta terjadi interaksi antara keduanya.
The effects of biochar as soil ameliorants depend on their characteristics that are influenced by the variation in biomass origin and pyrolysis process. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the chemical and physical characteristics of seven biochar derived from different biomass wastes - rice husk, corn cob, empty oil palm fruit bunch, bagasse, and sawdust of albazia (<em>Albizzia falcataria</em>), maesopsis (<em>Maesopsis eminii</em>), and mahogany (<em>Swietenia macrophylla</em>) at two low-pyrolysis temperatures (250 and 350 <sup>o</sup>C). The results showed that the percentage of biochar yield decreased at higher temperature level. However, the increased thermal decomposition of plant biomass wastes (at 350 <sup>o</sup>C) resulted in higher pH, as well as ash, C, N content of the biochar; but it did not significantly affect nutrient availability. Biochar from wood waste had more C and Ca content. Biochar from rice husk produced the highest ash content, while biochar from empty oil palm fruit bunch yielded the highest pH value, and possessed more nutrients than all the others. Increasing pyrolysis temperature from 250 to 350 <sup>o</sup>C resulted in greater biochar surface area and total pore volume but produced smaller average pore radius.
Lampung coffee farmers generally cultivate Robusta coffee and practice ethno-agronomy based on local wisdom, including cultivating coffee of Robusta/Liberica interspecific grafting system. This community service activity uses the method of face-to-face meetings, FGD, training, and making demonstration plots. The targets of this activity are management and members of Wijaya Muda farmer groups and farmers around the location at Pekon Sukajaya, Sumberjaya, West Lampung District.The results showed that based on evaluation results, the PKM activities was going well, with obtaining a total score of 12 (3 variables, scores 1-5) which indicated the level of participation was categorized as good. The evaluation of the results selected from 12 indicators of knowledge/skills showed an increase in the score of 53 to 73, which means that the level of knowledge skills increased from sufficient to good. The intensification of the Robusta/Liberica grafting system increased drought resistance and coffee production. Keywords: Biochar, grafting, interspesific, Robusta/Liberica, intensification
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