The article presents the review of labor migration economic theories evolution from the middle of the XIX century, when Ravenstein E.G. founded the modern economic theory of manpower migration in market economy, to the latest ideas of labor migration regularities within New Economic Geography framework by P. Krugman. On the research basis, the conclusion about absence of the uniform theory of labor migration and its moving factors is received. However, the existing theoretical approaches may be used to solve certain social and economic objectives.

In recent years there has been a rapid increase in the use of digital technologies, the role of which is steadily increasing compared to other types of technologies. The growing role of information is changing economic structures in such a way that we can talk about the formation of a new economythe digital economy. The digital economy, according to the policy documents of the European Union "is the result of the widespread use of new information technologies, which affected all sectors of the economy." However, if we apply the methodology of economic theory, the digital economy can be understood as a set of social relations arising from the use of electronic technologies, electronic infrastructure and services, technologies for analyzing large amounts of data and forecasting in order to optimize production, distribution, exchange, consumption and increase the level of socioeconomic development of states. Most of the papers on the sixth technological order formation and the development of Industry 4.0 focus on the study of the impact of the digital economy on the business transformation. The article shows that each technological structure of the economy corresponds to its own management conceptual model of the production and economic system. And, consequently, the formation of the digital economy foundations immanently leads to the evolutionary development of management models in socioeconomic systems, which are insufficiently studied in the available works. The article substantiates the conclusion that in the conditions of the digital economy there will be a transformation of the cost management model to the technology efficiency management model. This means that the main source of economic growth will be not just innovative development, but the search for more effective innovative technologies. In the digital economy, technology will become almost universally available, so the key to success will be new models of digital technology management, allowing for both operational regulation and modeling of future opportunities and threats of the state, business, and every member of society.

The purpose of this article was to study budgeting process from the point of its structure, analyze the Russian and European models of budget planning. Russian experts seem to favor a combination of rolling budgeting and top-down approach. Zero based method is preferred for larger projects with strict budgeting culture. For smaller and medium business, there remains lack of attention to budgeting. It is caused by lack of finance, experience and prioritization of other financial management tools. The classical approach used in the beginning stage would definitely be the top-down approach, which despite some its flaws can work well in the beginning stage of business development, when the strategy is rather aggressive and growth-oriented. Larger better-established organizations tend to realize importance of budgeting process and devote greater attention to developing its structure. The combination of methods is rather appropriate and additional investment should be made specifically into the Information System used in the budgeting process, as it is associated with reducing labor costs and accelerating processes. Unfortunately, Russian companies still find it difficult to keep up with development of new techniques on budgeting process overseas. This was shown in detailed comparison of Russian budgeting model with the European one.

In this article, the problem of modeling a time series using the Minimax method is considered. The expediency of using Minimax to identify points of change in trends and the range of changes in the graphical figures of technical analysis is justified. Spline approximation of the dynamic process with range constraints was performed to improve the quality of the model. Investors are advised to refrain from making hasty decisions in favor of holding reliable shares (such as PJSC Novatek shares), rather than selling them. The purchase of new shares should be carefully analyzed. Through an approximation of the dynamic number of the applicable optimization problem of minimizing the maximum Hausdorff distances between the ranges of the dynamic series and the values of the approximating function, the applied approach can provide reliable justification for signals to buy shares. Energy policy occupies the highest place in the list of progress ratings according to news analytics of businesses related to the energy sector of the economy. At the same time, statistical indicators and technologies of expert developments in this field, including intellectual analysis, can become an important basis for the development of a robotic knowledge program in the field under study, an organic addition to which is the authors’ methodology of development in energy economics as in energy policy. This paper examines the model of approximation of the multivalued time series of PJSC Novatek, represented as a series of ranges of numerical values of the indicators of financial markets, with constraints on the approximating function. The authors consider it advisable for promising companies to apply this approach for successful long-term investment.

The article focuses on the dynamics and structure of fixed investments in the Russian Federation in the period of 2011-2019, analyses both the destabilizing factors, and those, having beneficial impact on the use of a wide range of financial mechanisms in financing projects on petrochemical companies' development. It evaluates the competitiveness of petrochemical companies in the Russian Federation and abroad, for the current period and until 2030, according to the strategy of industry development. It outlines the investment potential of the industry and provides conclusion on the need to develop the use of mechanisms for financing innovative subprojects of petrochemical industry companies. All conclusions in the article are illustrated with relevant examples.

The new, often called the fourth, industrial revolution, which is often named "Industry 4.0", is a quite expected event, which is systematically and sufficiently detailed described in the forecast studies of scientists from many countries starting from the beginning of the 20th century. Defining the concept of the economy in the framework of Industry 4.0, we can note its main features: digitalization of products and services; digitalization and integration of vertical and horizontal value chains; digital business models and customer access through digital platforms. In fact, we are talking about the mass introduction of cyberphysical systems (CPS) based on the Internet of Things (IoT), self-regulating printing electronics factories in three-dimensional printing (3D), big data (BD) and the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Digital technologies are not being implemented in a fragmented way, but in a systematic way: not only in the production of material goods, but also in almost all spheres of society and the individual, including his work, education, life, and leisure. All these closely related digital technologies are the prerequisites for the coming digital revolution, and more precisely, digital technologies determine its essential characteristics, so we can conclude that the world is entering the digital age. In this regard, the training of specialists who are ready to work in the conditions of the wide and continuous development of digital technologies has been put into practice in universities not only developed but also in developing countries, and the model of a digital university (University 4.0) is being implemented with the support of leading digital companies. However, as the analysis conducted by the authors showed, the current system of university education in many countries, including Russia, despite the introduction of information and communication technologies, is still behind the needs of the emerging digital economy. And even in the leading universities of the world, while training specialists who are ready to effectively work with digital technologies for humanity, especially AI technologies, little attention has been paid to the mental and psychological factors of a new generation of future specialists who are ready to use these technologies effectively and safely for humanity. The article presents the results of a study of new sociotechnological factors that will affect the educational technologies of University 4.0.

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The modern economy became increasingly dependent on intellectual capital, whose role is steadily growing in comparison with other types of capital. On the one hand it happens due to the objective trend of the world economy innovative development on the eve of the sixth technological mode beginning; on the other hand, to increased competition between companies from different countries in an increasingly globalized world market. The growing importance in the overall system of companies' competitiveness factors in the new century is played by specific knowledge and information, which is commonly understood as intellectual capital. However, accounting systems used in the modern economy practically ignore the components of intellectual capital. Another problem that hinders the accounting assessment of intellectual capital is the multiplicity of approaches to its quantitative measurement. The growing interest of researchers in further development of the intellectual capital concept is explained by the fact that the developed intellectual capital of the company leads to more effective management, to more stable relations with contractors, and in generalto a competitive advantage, which immanently affects the financial, economic and market results of the company.The article presents the results of the intellectual capital impact study on the companies performance in developed and emerging markets. They confirm the existence of common regularities, expressed in the presence of the innovative development advantages of any country companies in any market, and also determine the effectiveness of organizational, social and cultural transformation of developing countries in the context of modern globalism. Keywords-intellectual capital of companies; VAIC; developed and emerging markets.