BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of four types of chronic pain (headache, abdominal pain, neck and shoulder pain (NSP), and low back pain (LBP)) and to explore the relationship between the prevalence of chronic pain and self-reported academic pressure in high school students in Shanghai, China.MethodThree thousand students were randomly surveyed on related issues using a questionnaire, and the results were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsAmong the 2849 high school students who completed the questionnaire, the overall prevalence rates of headache, abdominal pain, NSP, and LBP were 30.3, 20.9, 32.8, and 41.1 %, respectively. The students in general experienced a heavy burden of learning, a high level of stress, and sleep deprivation, which were closely related to the four types of chronic pain.ConclusionChronic pain is a common condition in Chinese adolescents and is closely related to self-reported academic pressure.

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MKPLS (Multiway Kernel Partial Least Squares) methods are used to model the batch processes from process operational data. To improve the optimization performance, a batch-to-batch optimization strategy is proposed based on the idea of the similarity between the iterations during numerical optimization and successive batch runs. SQP (Sequential Quadratic Programming) coupling with MKPLS model is used to solve the optimization problem, and the plant data, instead of the MKPLS model predictions, are used in gradient calculation. The proposed strategy is illustrated on a simulated bulk polymerization of styrene. The results demonstrate that the optimization performance has been improved in spite of the model-plant mismatches.

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