Effect of various factors such as temperature, relative humidity, balanced fertilizer and plant spacing on the development of leaf spot disease in mulberry caused by Cercospora moricola was studied. High disease development was recorded in the month of August and September when outdoor temperature and relative humidity were 25-30 ºC and above 80%, respectively. Application of balanced fertilizer and plant spacing on this disease development was also studied and showed a distinct effect on severity of this disease. A balanced dose application of NPK fertilizer decreased disease severity to 6-8%. Balanced fertilizer application in the soil resulted lower infection by leaf pathogen in comparison with imbalanced fertilizer application in the soil. Disease development was also found to be high at close plant spacing (60 × 60) cm than distance spacing (90 × 90) cm.
The need for joining dissimilar materials is increasing rapidly in manufacturing industries. Therefore, a successful weld of dissimilar metals by Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process becomes a topic of interest for many investigators. FSW research topics have been used for Manufacturing Engineering students at Virginia State University as undergraduate research projects. The purpose of this study was to investigate intermetallic characteristics between aluminum and copper at the transition zone in the FSW process. The effects of process parameters on heat affected zone (HAZ) have been examined to find the optimal tool rotational speed, axial force, and transverse speed. A metallographic study was conducted to investigate the quality of intermetallic bonding at the interfaces. It was observed that using optimized process parameters for experimental setup resulted in a very good quality of the welds.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.