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In the United States, natural gas-fired generators gained increasing popularity in recent years due to the low fuel cost and emission, as well as the proven large gas reserves. Consequently, the highly interdependency between the gas and electricity networks is needed to be considered in the system operation. To improve the overall system operation and optimize the energy flow, an interval optimization based coordinated operating strategy for the gaselectricity integrated energy system (IES) is proposed in this paper considering demand response and wind power uncertainty. In the proposed model, the gas and electricity infrastructures are modeled in details and their operation constraints are fully considered, wherein the nonlinear characteristics are modeled including pipeline gas flow and compressors. Then a demand response program is incorporated in the optimization model and its effects on the IES operation are investigated. Based on interval mathematics, wind power uncertainty is represented as interval numbers instead of probability distributions. A case study is performed on a six-bus electricity network with a seven-node gas network to demonstrate the

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The steady-state coordinated operation of electricity networks and natural gas networks to maximize profits is investigated under market paradigm considering demand response. The components in its gas supply networks are modeled and linearized under steady-state operating conditions where combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) generators consume natural gas and bid into the electricity market. Interruptible-load based and coupon-based demand response virtual power plants are considered trading in the market like physical generators. A bi-level programming optimization model is formulated with its upper-level representing the coordinated operation to maximize profits and its lower-level simulating the day-ahead market clearing process. This bi-level problem is formulated as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints, and is linearized as a mixed-integer programming problem. Case studies on a 6-bus power system with a 7-node natural gas system and an IEEE 118-bus power system with a 14-node gas system verifies the effectiveness of the coordinated operation model. The impacts of demand response based virtual power plants on the interactions between the two networks are also analyzed.

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