The article presents the results of research on the physiological and biochemical state of sturgeon juveniles using various functional loads at the early stages of post-embryonic development of sturgeon raised on an experimental diet in the presence of live food. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the application of functional load methods and feeding regimen to establish the physiological status of released juveniles to replenish natural populations. The article provides information about the stability of young sturgeon fish during the period of release from sturgeon hatcheries to replenish the natural population, further entry from fresh to sea water, and placement in places of natural feeding. The temperature and salinity of water for hydrobionts is a factor that has an integral effect on the activity of functionally important systems of the body at all stages of the life cycle. Juveniles obtained from artificial generations and grown in a combined way on various feeds retain high plasticity, adequate nutrition forms an osmoregulatory function and resistance to temperature conditions of the environment. It is proved experimentally that the feeding regime is an important factor affecting the fish-breeding and biological and physiological and biochemical parameters of young Russian sturgeon, stellate sturgeon and bester.
The article describes the possibility to grow tropical freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens, 1868) and shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) in the climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region during 3-5 months, with further wintering in the ponds of fish farms. To achieve the maximum effect of the semi-intensive and intensive cultivation conditions it is necessary to apply additional feeding, observe the norms of seeding density and the diets of crustaceans. In two series of experimental works conducted in 2019-2020 on the base of Astrakhan State Technical University and a small innovative enterprise Modern Fishbreeding Complex Sharapovsky there was studied the method of increasing the biological and aquaculture potential of fast-growing tropical freshwater crayfish and shrimps by adjusting feed diets, chilled wet feed, and native formula feed based on feed components of local raw materials. Salicornia perennans Willd, a halophyte plant, was introduced into the formulation for the first time. As a result of experimental works the recommendations on semi-intensive and intensive cultivation of tropical freshwater species have been formulated, the possibility of increasing biological and aquaculture productivity of grown objects has been considered, which is recorded in the fish-biological standards and general management processes.
Abstract. The paper highlights the prospects of cultivating heat-loving species, such as Australian crayfish and freshwater shrimps in the VI fish breeding zone. Australian crayfish and freshwater shrimps breeding is considered economically attractive for entrepreneurs, having a limited area for farming facilities. At the same time, pond ecosystems require the individual approach and close study in terms of the environmental conditions for the cultivated species upkeeping and the natural forage base that determine the pond biological productivity. Today, there are no clear recommendations on the summer keeping warmwater aquaculture species, in particular, Australian crayfish and freshwater shrimp in the Astrakhan region. To cultivate the new objects of warmwater aquaculture in 2017-2019 the small innovative enterprise Modern Sharapovskiy Fish Breeding Complex researched the production potential of ponds of various categories for receiving marketable products; there was studied the forage base, biomass of zooplankton and zoobenthos satisfying the nutritional needs of farmed objects. As a result of experimental work, it was found that in pond No.2, where freshwater shrimps were grown, there were registered 5 species of Cladocera and 1species of Rotifera, while in pond No.1 used for breeding Australian crayfish there were registered 4 species of Rotifera and only 1 species of Cladocera. Presumably, the observed species composition of the studied ponds is specified by the selectivity of the cultivated objects in zooplankton consumption. The possibility of increasing the bio-productivity of ponds by alternate growing aquaculture and agricultural products has been considered.
Mariculture is the direction of aquaculture associated with the cultivation of marine hydrobionts as fish and other aquatic organisms and plants. Although it produces only 13 % of the world’s fish and other seafood products, this industry is characterized by a high rate of development (6-7% annual growth), which is now the highest among all branches of the world’s food industry. Industry performance depends on the industrial implementation of best practices in manufacturing countries. The successful practice of industrial cultivation will be promoted by timely modernization of the technological process. In this regard, the problems of aquaculture practice and the use of technical means in the field of mariculture, considered in this article, are particularly relevant. The authors describe the biotechnological aspects of growing caridean shrimp. As a result of the experimental work carried out by scientists of the Astrakhan state technical University, the conditions for growing caridean shrimp in the South of Russia were adapted and biotechnical standards for obtaining commercial products were developed. Feed own recipes for caridean shrimp were developed. Morphophysiological parameters of caridean shrimp were studied.
Исследуются перспективы развития мирового урбанизированного агропроизводства (сити-фермерства) на основе анализа ключевых инновационных технологических и рыноч-ных трендов. Отмечается, что тенденции к сокращению объема плодородных земель, исчер-панию ресурсов экосистем, в том числе ресурсов Мирового океана, негативные последствия изменений климата являются основными лимитирующими факторами при развитии тради-ционного сельскохозяйственного производства и перспективного обеспечения растущего населения планеты. Отдаленность территорий с массовым производством пищи от массовых рынков приводит к образованию значительных объемов отходов (потерь пищи в цепочке по-ставок при снижении качества продуктов и повышении их стоимости. Рост численности населения мира, все большая концентрация населения в городах, на фоне изменения потре-бительских предпочтений в сторону приоритета «здоровой», «натуральной», «органиче-ской» пищи, с особой остротой поднимают такие вопросы, как развитие дополнительной и/или альтернативной системы бесперебойного снабжения или самообеспечения городов продуктами питания и обеспечение перспективной продовольственной безопасности. Рас-сматривается перспектива развития мировой отрасли сельского хозяйства с позиции ее пере-хода к высокотехнологичной стадии развития («AgTech»), приводится обзор инновационных технологий, развитие которых будет сопутствовать этому переходу. Обосновывается, что раз-витие технологий урбанизированного агропроизводства (сити-фермерства), как совокупности инновационных, высокоэффективных агропрактик производства пищи в условиях города, мо-жет повысить уровень продовольственной безопасности городов за счет расширения доступ-ности пищи как в количественном, так и в качественном отношении. Впервые проведен обзор основных технологий сити-фермерства с позиции их практического применения и сформули-ровано определение понятия «урбанизированное производство» (сити-фермерство).Ключевые слова: город, самообеспечение, продовольственная безопасность, городское сельское хозяйство, сити-фермерство, вертикальное фермерство, гидропоника, аэропоника, аквапоника, интенсивное растениеводство, рециркулятивная аквакультура, установка замкну-того водоснабжения, внутреннее агропроизводство, местное агропроизводство, устойчивое развитие. ВведениеНаселение мира растет, и к 2050 г., для того чтобы обеспечить 9,8 млрд жителей планеты [1], нужно будет производить пищи на 60 % больше, чем её производится в настоящее время [2].Однако уже сегодня проблема голода является насущной для 815 млн жителей Земли [3]. Кроме того, Продовольственная и сельскохозяйственная организация ООН (ФАО, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations -FAO) прогнозирует замедление темпов роста традиционного сельскохозяйственного производства с текущих 2 % до 1,5 % в год в следую-щем десятилетии [4].Это означает, что при реализации инерционного сценария развития мирового сельского хозяйства риски для устойчивого развития и обеспечения продовольственной безопасности бу-дут лишь возрастать, а существующие проблемы населения ...
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