Сообщества союза Bidenti frondosae-Salicion triandrae Golub 2004-это кустарниковые сообщества с доминированием Salix triandra и Amorpha fruticosa по берегам водотоков и озер в долине нижней Волги. Диагностическими видами союза являются: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Bidens frondosa, Xanthium strumarium, Thalictrum flavum. Характерным является также отсутствие или незначительной представленностью ряда видов, характерных для сообществ с доминированием Salix triandra на более северных территориях, которые принято относить к союзу Salicion triandrae Th. Muller et Gors 1958. Это Salix fragilis, Salix viminalis, Urtica dioica, Galium palustre, Lythrum salicaria, Lysimachia vulgaris. Особенностью флористического состава сообществ союза является то, что Salix triandra в низовьях Волги представлен позднецветущим экотипом. Этот вид цветет в низовьях Волги после спада воды, в июне-июле, что на 2-3 месяца позже, чем в поймах других рек, отличающихся более ранним половодьем. Сообщества союза включает четыре ассоциации: Bidenti frondosae-Salicetum triandrae, Leersio-Salicetum triandrae, Carici melanostachyаe-Amorphetum fruticosae, Rubo caesii-Amorphetum fruticosae, имеющие разную степень распространения на территории долины Нижней Волги. Communities of the alliance Bidenti frondosae-Salicion triandrae Golub 2004-is a shrub communities with dominant Salix triandra и Amorpha fruticosa along the watercourse banks and lakes in the Lower Volga valley. Diagnostis species of alliance: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Bidens frondosa, Xanthium strumarium, Thalictrum flavum. The alliance is also diagnosed by the absence or non-significant presence of species number, characteristic of communities with dominant Salix triandra on more northern territories, which are supposed to refer to the alliance Salicion triandrae Th. Muller et Gors 1958. There are Salix fragilis, Salix viminalis, Urtica dioica, Galium palustre, Lythrum salicaria, Lysimachia vulgaris. One more peculiarity of communities of alliance Bidenti frondosae-Salicion triandrae should be noted. It lies in the fact that Salix triamdra in the Lower Volga is represented by lately flowering ecotype. Salix triamdra blooms here after the water abatement in June-Jule. It is 2-3 months later that in other river flood-plains characterized by Salix triamdra earlier flooding. Communities of the alliance including four accociations:
The article describes the possibility to grow tropical freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens, 1868) and shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) in the climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region during 3-5 months, with further wintering in the ponds of fish farms. To achieve the maximum effect of the semi-intensive and intensive cultivation conditions it is necessary to apply additional feeding, observe the norms of seeding density and the diets of crustaceans. In two series of experimental works conducted in 2019-2020 on the base of Astrakhan State Technical University and a small innovative enterprise Modern Fishbreeding Complex Sharapovsky there was studied the method of increasing the biological and aquaculture potential of fast-growing tropical freshwater crayfish and shrimps by adjusting feed diets, chilled wet feed, and native formula feed based on feed components of local raw materials. Salicornia perennans Willd, a halophyte plant, was introduced into the formulation for the first time. As a result of experimental works the recommendations on semi-intensive and intensive cultivation of tropical freshwater species have been formulated, the possibility of increasing biological and aquaculture productivity of grown objects has been considered, which is recorded in the fish-biological standards and general management processes.
Abstract. The paper highlights the prospects of cultivating heat-loving species, such as Australian crayfish and freshwater shrimps in the VI fish breeding zone. Australian crayfish and freshwater shrimps breeding is considered economically attractive for entrepreneurs, having a limited area for farming facilities. At the same time, pond ecosystems require the individual approach and close study in terms of the environmental conditions for the cultivated species upkeeping and the natural forage base that determine the pond biological productivity. Today, there are no clear recommendations on the summer keeping warmwater aquaculture species, in particular, Australian crayfish and freshwater shrimp in the Astrakhan region. To cultivate the new objects of warmwater aquaculture in 2017-2019 the small innovative enterprise Modern Sharapovskiy Fish Breeding Complex researched the production potential of ponds of various categories for receiving marketable products; there was studied the forage base, biomass of zooplankton and zoobenthos satisfying the nutritional needs of farmed objects. As a result of experimental work, it was found that in pond No.2, where freshwater shrimps were grown, there were registered 5 species of Cladocera and 1species of Rotifera, while in pond No.1 used for breeding Australian crayfish there were registered 4 species of Rotifera and only 1 species of Cladocera. Presumably, the observed species composition of the studied ponds is specified by the selectivity of the cultivated objects in zooplankton consumption. The possibility of increasing the bio-productivity of ponds by alternate growing aquaculture and agricultural products has been considered.
The article describes Australian red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, which is currently one of the most promising cultivation targets. However, to increase production volumes, it is necessary to improve cultivation technologies, which should be based on the data of physiological and biochemical parameters. An objective method for monitoring the physiological state of Australian red claw crayfish in the artificial conditions is determining its hematological and biochemical indicators that complement the general characteristics of hemolymph and later define its physiological norm. When giving the objects the compound feed, which the authors produced by their own recipe, there was recorded a high level of total hemolymph protein of 40.8 ± 4.5 g/l. According to the results of biochemical research, the cholesterol content in the hemolymph of Australian crayfish was 3.2 ± 0.6 mmol/l, and the concentration of lipoproteins was 0.8 ± 0.2 g/l (levels within the reference values). When considering the hemogram of hemolymph there were found the dominant types and linear dimensions of native formed elements. The diameter of agranulocytes in Australian freshwater crayfish varied from 85 to 90 μm, semi-granulocytes - from 90 to 95 μm, granulocytes - from 65 to 78 μm, transparent cells differed by greater variability in size, which ranged from 85 to 120 μm. The part of granulocytes in relation to other shaped elements exceeded 50%, for transparent cells it turned out to be above 20%, for semi-granulocytes - about 15% and for agranulocytes - about 5%, which means that the latter form the rarest group. The established ratios are specific for Cherax quadricarinatus, its hemocytic characteristics greatly differs from Astacus leptodactylus, which is the main object of comparative research. The results of comparative analysis of the cellular composition of the hemolymph of the Australian freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens, 1868) demonstrate the taxonomic specificity of this representative of freshwater aquaculture
The article is devoted to the creation of a combined recirculating fish farming and intensive crop production (aquaponics) on the basis of a mobile modular facility, which corresponds to the direction “Transition to highly productive and environmentally friendly agro- development and implementation of systems for the rational use of chemical and biological protection of agricultural plants and animals, storage and efficient processing of agricultural products, creation of safe and high-quality, including functional, food products” of the Strategy of scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, as well as the Forecast of scientific and technological development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 in terms of the development of specific research areas “Urbanized agriculture: combined technology of recirculating fish farming and intensive crop production”.
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