The aim of this paper is to determine the modulatory effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the IL-23/Th17 immune axis in experimental colitis. DSS-induced mouse models of UC were to be saline, hormones, and different concentrations of Lactobacillus acidophilus intervention. The expression of interleukin- (IL-) 17, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), IL-23, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and phosphorylated (p)-STAT3 was examined by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical analysis. And the results showed that administration of L. acidophilus suppressed Th17 cell-mediated secretion of proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 through downregulation of IL-23 and TGFβ1 expression and downstream phosphorylation of p-STAT3.
It was proposed that a diagnostic algorithm based on available clinical and endoscopic regression equation could improve the current sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in differentiating between CD from ITB.
(1) The plant has been used as a folk remedy for snake-bite inflammation and tumors. The crude extract of Paris formosana Hayata (Liliaceae) has also been revealed to inhibit the growth of various cultured cancer cell lines.(2) Formosanin C, a diosgenin saponin, a major constituent in the methanol extract of Paris formosana Hayata (Liliaceae), has already been shown to exert a cytotoxic effect on the mouse hepatocellular MH134 cell line injected subcutaneously in C3H/HeN mice, especially in combination with 5-FU.(1) However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Formosanin C was also proved to augment the effect of concanavalin A on lymphocyte proliferation.(3) In addition, intraperitoneal injection of formosanin C was found to induce production of interferon in C3H/HeN mice.(1)Apoptosis is an organized and energy-dependent process, which controls the cell cycle and finally leads to the death of cells.(4) Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is a potentially promising approach for cancer treatment.(5) Typical morphological features of apoptotic cell death are condensed chromatin in the nucleus, DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization, and generation of apoptotic bodies.(6) The process of apoptosis can be regulated by caspases and members of the Bcl-2 family.Mitochondria also play an important role in apoptosis.In the present study, we demonstrated that formosanin C induced apoptosis of human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells. Activation of caspase-2 and change of Δψ m contributed to the translocation of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO, which in turn caused the activation of caspase-9 and -3, and fragmentation of DNA. Materials and MethodsReagents. Ammonium acetate was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Cyclosporine A, MTT, PI, NP-40, rhodamine 123, Hoechst 33258, and endothelial cell growth factor were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Z-VDVAD-fmk and Z-LEHD-fmk were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Protein assay reagents were obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA). Other reagents were obtained from the following sources: Annexin V-FITC (BD Pharmingen, San Jose, CA, USA), RNase A (Amresco, Solon, OH, USA), proteinase K (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA, USA), agarose (FMC BioProducts, Rockland, ME, USA), and Tris (American Biorganics, Niagara Falls, NY, USA). Antibodies to various proteins were obtained from the following sources: anticapase-3 mouse monoclonal and anti-Smac/ DIABLO rabbit polyclonal antibodies were purchased from Imgenex (San Diego, CA, USA); anticaspase-9 mouse monoclonal antibody was purchased from Upstate (Lake Placid, NY, USA); anticytochrome c mouse monoclonal antibody was purchased from BD Pharmingen; anti-β-actin monoclonal antibody was purchased from Sigma; anti-X-linked apoptosis-inhibiting protein (XIAP) mouse monoclonal antibody was purchased from BD Transduction Laboratories (Lexington, KY, USA); antipoly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP) rabbit polyclonal antibody was purchased from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA, USA); Endo...
The four strains of probiotics have beneficial effects on experimental colitis in mice. E. faecalis has a better effect on DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice than the other three strains. Supplement of probiotics provides a new therapy for UC.
Cancer remains one of the most common causes of mortality globally. Chemotherapy, one of the major treatment strategies for cancer, primarily functions by targeting the cancer cells and affecting them physiologically, but also affects normal cells, which is a major concern at present. Therefore, adverse effects of chemotherapy drugs, including myelosuppression and liver and kidney damage, are of concern. Now, microbial products have attracted attention in cancer treatment research. Notably, carcinogenesis is considered to be associated with microbial dysbiosis, particularly the positive antitumor effects of bifidobacteria. Although there remains a substantial amount to be understood about the regulation of bifidobacteria, bifidobacteria remain an attractive and novel source of cancer therapeutics. The present review focuses on introducing the latest information on the antitumor effects of bifidobacteria and to propose future strategies for using bifidobacteria in the development of cancer therapeutics.
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