Satisfactory imaging was obtained in all but one case. In order to define the "reliability" of MRI for a given condition, a diagnostic score was designed and separately given by the obstetrician and the radiologist involved in the case. MRI scored less than ultrasonography for abnormalities of the fetal contour and for large and complex distortion of the CNS as holoprosencephaly. For subtle midbrain anomalies, as well as for neuronal migration disorders, MRI definitely was superior to sonography. For other anomalies, as for example congenital diaphragmatic hernia, MRI was better than conventional techniques in assessing prognosis and outcome, but less reliable in assessing associated anomalies. MRI seems to be a valuable adjunct to us for prenatal diagnosis of only selected fetal anomalies and requires precise guidelines in a multidisciplinary approach to prenatal pathology.
Summary: Introduction: Preeclampsia is acomplication of pregnancy that can threaten both the life of the mother as the baby. There aredifferent etiological factors for the development of preeclampsia, including chronic infections.Periodontal disease as a chronic infection has recently been associated with the onset ofpreeclampsia. Objective: To review the literature with the purpose of determine the possibleassociation between periodontal disease (PD) and Preeclampsia. Methods and Materials: Databasesearch of scientific publications in order to review studies reported from 1996 to 2007 to assessthe possible association between PD and Preeclampsia. Results: There were evaluated designs andresults of 11 scientific articles. Conclusions: This review concluded that there are very fewstudies to evaluate the presence of PD and the incidence of preeclampsia. The evaluated studies showconflicting results which may be due to the different designs of the studies, lack of unificationamong inclusion criteria between them, lack of standardization in diagnostics criteria for PD, andthe sample size is very different depending on the type of study. More intervention studies areneeded to demonstrate that controlling or eliminating PD, the previously described complications ofpregnancy are minimized, in order to affirm or refute these possible associations. Key words:Periodontal disease. Preeclampsia. Preterm birth. Risk factors.
Introducción: La desnutrición continúa siendo una causa frecuente de aumento de la morbimortalidad, especialmente en pacientes hospitalizados. Objetivo: Evaluar la tasa de desnutrición infantil observada al ingreso hospitalario en nueve países latinoamericanos y estimar el impacto de diversas condicionantes que pueden incidir en su desarrollo. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal de niños de ambos sexos, de 0 a 18 años de edad, hospitalizados en nueve países latinoamericanos (Argentina, Chile, Cuba, Guatemala, México, Panamá, Paraguay, Uruguay y Venezuela). La información se obtuvo mediante encuesta y antropometría efectuada durante las primeras 48 horas de ingresados. Para la evaluación nutricional se evaluó el peso y la talla de los niños de acuerdo a los estándares de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). El análisis estadístico se realizó en el programa SPSS versión 24. Resultados: Del total de 5.366 pacientes, 45,2% eran mujeres y 46,5% menores de 2 años. Un 50,2% eran eutróficos, un 15,4% presentaba riesgo de desnutrir o desnutrición leve, un 12,5% desnutrición, un 14,2% sobrepeso o riesgo de obesidad, y un 7,7% obesidad. El 20,5% eran de talla baja. Los niños con 4 o más hospitalizaciones previas tuvieron mayor riesgo de presentar malnutrición por déficit (OR = 1,7). Las patologías cardiológicas presentaron un OR = 1,8 de presentar malnutrición por déficit. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de desnutrición en niños al ingreso hospitalario es moderada y se relaciona especialmente a patología cardiológica y a los antecedentes de varias hospitalizaciones previas. Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés Fuente de financiamiento: No hay financiamiento involucrado. Recibido: 29/07/2021 Aceptado: 04/11/2021
Abstract. In this work, we will find a family of small functions η y in the Kernel of an operator defined in the intersection of the Sobolev space H 2,q (S n ) with the orthogonal complement in H 1,2 (S n ) of the first eigenspace of the laplacian on S n , parameterized with a variable y belonging to a small ball contained in B n+1 . We will find L q estimates of these functions and we will use those estimates to find a subcritical solution to the scalar curvature problem on S n , and a solution•F y1 of a nonlinear elliptical problem related to that problem, whereKeywords: Sobolev spaces, conformal deformations, elliptic equations.Estimativos L q de funciones en el núcleo de un operador elíptico y aplicacionesResumen. En este trabajo, vamos a encontrar una familia de pequeñas funciones η y en el kernel de un operador definido en la intersección del espacio de Sóbolev H 2,q (S n ) con el complemento ortogonal en H 1,2 (S n ) del primer espacio propio del laplaciano sobre S n , parametrizado con una variable y que pertenece a una pequeña bola contenida en B n+1 . Encontraremos estimativos L q de estas funciones, las cuales utilizaremos para encontrar una solución subcrítica al problema de curvatura escalar sobre S n y una soluciónde un problema elíptico no lineal relacionado con este problema, donde F y1 : S n → S n es una dilatación centrada. Palabras clave: Espacios de Sóbolev, deformaciones conformes, ecuaciones elípticas.
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