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Ammonia stress can inhibit the survival and growth, and even cause mortality of shrimp. In this study, ammonia-metabolizing enzyme activities and gene expression were compared between two strains of L. vannamei under different ammonia-N (NH4+) concentrations (3.4, 13.8, and 24.6 mg/L). The results showed that elevated ammonia concentrations mainly increased glutamine synthetase (GSase) activities while inhibiting transglutaminase (TGase) activities in the muscle of both strains. Thus, we concluded that L. vannamei could accelerate the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and NH4+ to alleviate ammonia stress. Compared with the muscle, the hepatopancreas plays a major role in ammonia stress and might be a target tissue to respond to the ammonia stress. Compared to the control group, the treatment of high ammonia concentrations reduced the hepatopancreas TGase (TG) gene expression and increased the gene expression rates of glutamate dehydrogenase-β (GDH-β) and GSase (GS) in both the muscle and the hepatopancreas of the two strains (p < 0.05). These genes (GDH-β and GS) in strain B were not only expressed earlier but also at levels higher than the expression range of strain A. At the gene level, strain B showed a more rapid and positive response than strain A. These data might help reveal the physiological responses mechanisms of shrimp adapt to ammonia stress and speed up the selective breeding process in L. vannamei.

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Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory dermatosis influenced by hereditary and environmental factors. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection affects the immune system and exacerbates psoriatic lesions. We report the case of a 33-year-old male patient diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris, psoriatic arthritis and HIV infection. Acitretin capsules, etanercept and high-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were effective. Two months after etanercept was discontinued, his condition worsened. After switching to secukinumab combined with HAART, the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis resolved rapidly after four weeks, with a Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis score of 0. The time to achieve psoriasis area and severity index 40, 75, 90, and 100 were 2, 4, 8, and 29 weeks. The treatment was maintained for 1 year with no adverse reactions. Regarding the stable CD4 + T lymphocyte count and the viral load, administering anti-IL-17 monoclonal antibodies is an effective treatment option for psoriasis patients.

A risk assessment for storm surge disasters can provide scientific support for coastal management as well as marine disaster prevention and mitigation. By taking the Wenchang City of Hainan Province as a pilot area, a risk assessment approach for typhooninduced storm surge disasters is introduced in detail in this article. First, a numerical simulation system for storm surge inundation is developed, which is applied for the simulation and calculation of the probable maximum storm surge in Wenchang, and the obtained inundation areas and depths are used to assess the storm surge hazard. Then, the data of land use and disaster-bearing bodies are used to classify and assess the vulnerability of Wenchang. Finally, by taking the community as unit, the risk assessment for typhoon-induced storm surge affecting Wenchang is performed by combining the assessment results of both hazard and vulnerability, thereby obtaining a level map of risk distribution. The results show that there are risks of typhoon-induced storm surge in most of the coastal areas of Wenchang, especially for its northeast and east coastal areas, where the risks reach Levels I-II. This approach can be conveniently applied to risk assessments of storm surge in other coastal areas. Note that this approach focuses on the current risk of typhoon-induced storm surge in coastal areas, and further studies will be conducted on the assessment methods for the potential risk.