Orbital venous malformation (OVM) is one of the most common orbital mass of adults, accounting for approximately 5% to 15% of all vascular abnormalities in the central nervous system and representing 9% of orbital lesions. Clinical presentation is variable from asymptomatic cases to symptomatic ones. The purpose of the authors’ work is to analyze OVM incidence and prevalence in a cohort of patients referred over the last 40 years to the Orbital Unit, tertiary center for orbital diseases.
Records of 224 patients diagnosed with CVM in a 40-year period were retrospectively reviewed extracting prevalence/year and incidence/year based on data obtained from Eurostat population statistics. Data were aggregate and analyzed with a Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA) spread sheet.
The incidence rate was measured as the number of new cases of OVM observed in Orbital Unit, a tertiary center. Incidence was about 1 case out (0.94) every 10 million people. The incidence rate was measured also as the number of new cases of OVM observed in Campania, considering in the latter case patients residents in this region (112 patients). Incidence was less than 1 case out (0.58) every 10 million people.
The prevalence rate was measured as the proportion of individuals with OVM observed in our Orbital Unit and is equal to 5%. This indicator resulted to increase from 1977 to 2017.
The management of OVM is still under discussion, but in agreement with data present in the literature the authors still believe that the surgical indication is only for symptomatic lesions.
Purpose
To compare optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in terms of reliability in detecting dark halo in patients affected by age-related macular degeneration (AMD) complicated with type 1 macular neovascularization (MNV).
Methods
Eighty-nine eyes of 89 patients were analyzed at the University of Naples Federico II between January 2018 and October 2021. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmological evaluation including fluorescein angiography, ICGA, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and OCTA. OCTA and ICGA images of dark halo were compared. The paired Student’s test and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the differences in dark halo measurements between OCTA and ICGA images.
Results
Thirty-six eyes of 36 patients were included in this prospective study. Dark halo area was significantly larger in OCTA than in ICGA (1.49 ± 1.8 mm2 vs. 0.54 ± 0.5 mm2; p = 0.001). Moreover, the agreement between the two types of devices for measuring dark halo areas was poor, with a low intraclass coefficient correlation (0.397).
Conclusion
OCTA could be a useful and necessary tool to investigate dark halo in neovascular AMD due to its ability to visualize the areas of reduced vessel density around MNV in greater detail compared to ICGA.
Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05108285
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