Nanotechnology is the science and technology applied in biomedical engineering, dermatology, medicine, and cosmetics for designing, production, and characterizations of particles and devices at the molecular level range from 1 to 100 nm. [1][2][3][4] As a result of internal structural rearrangement, the physical characteristics of these novel materials change such as the increase in their surface area and therefore act in a differently with the targeted biological systems. [5][6][7] This change has a pronounced and significant impact on both the formulation and the delivery system of pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical preparations. 8 Many innovative delivery systems are incorporated

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an endogenous substance detected and isolated from various tissues and biological fluids. Owing to its physicochemical properties, HA contributes to many biological processes at intra-and extracellular levels, such as skin hydration, joints lubrication, and wound healing, besides its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The current review highlights the employment of exogenous HA in many aesthetic and dermatological aspects. Also, it aims to clarify the skin rejuvenating activity by compensating for the biological loss of HA with advanced age. Other positive impacts of HA on hair, nail, and overall health status were also revised. Cosmetics and cosmeceuticals that contain HA, among other active ingredients, are commercially available in different dosage forms such as gels, creams, intradermal injections, and fillers. Aesthetic enhancement is achieved via soft tissue augmentation, skin hydration level increasing, grooves refilling, and collagen and elastin biosynthesis stimulation. HA contributes to various therapeutic approaches such as gingivitis, stomatitis, ulceration, and osteoarthritis. Additionally, it has beneficial uses in dentistry due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The recent implication of HA following the claims that it has a rejuvenating power for the skin and many therapeutic benefits has to be thoroughly investigated and delivered by a trained expert to avoid undesirable effects.

Background: The use of generic drugs is increasing in several countries due to their lower price while maintaining the same efficacy as their originator counterparts. But some concerns arise from the lack of knowledge or misunderstanding of the concept of bioequivalence and/or from manufacturers' marketing efforts that lead consumers to switch back to branded drugs. Method: A random sample of 350 percipients has been enrolled; 304 had completed the questionnaire that was used in this study (regarding the factors influencing consumers' preferences for generic vs. branded drugs). The forms have been distributed online (using Google Form) among all participants. Results: Results revealed that the most influential factor for participants when purchasing drugs was the role of the pharmacist. Lack of knowledge about the efficacy of drugs has the lowest effect on choosing the medication. Also, the price and confidence in brand-name drugs showed a statistically significant effect on selecting the medications. Conclusion: Generic drugs seem to be the best option for patients but a progressive alteration is required in people's mentality to accept this fact. This can be done through promoting educational interferences to increase consumer and health system confidence in the capability of generic medications to treat chronic diseases.

Background: Nutrients are widely used for treating illnesses in traditional medicine. Ginger has long been used in folk medicine to treat motion sickness and other minor health disorders. Chronic non-healing wounds might elicit an inflammation response and cancerous mutation. Few clinical studies have investigated 6-gingerol’s wound-healing activity due to its poor pharmacokinetic properties. However, nanotechnology can deliver 6-gingerol while possibly enhancing these properties. Our study aimed to develop a nanophytosome system loaded with 6-gingerol molecules to investigate the delivery system’s influence on wound healing and anti-cancer activities. Methods: We adopted the thin-film hydration method to synthesize nanophytosomes. We used lipids in a ratio of 70:25:5 for DOPC(dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine): cholesterol: DSPE/PEG2000, respectively. We loaded the 6-gingerol molecules in a concentration of 1.67 mg/mL and achieved size reduction via the extrusion technique. We determined cytotoxicity using lung, breast, and pancreatic cancer cell lines. We performed gene expression of inflammation markers and cytokines according to international protocols. Results: The synthesized nanophytosome particle sizes were 150.16 ± 1.65, the total charge was −13.36 ± 1.266, and the polydispersity index was 0.060 ± 0.050. Transmission electron microscopy determined the synthesized particles’ spherical shape and uniform size. The encapsulation efficiency was 34.54% ± 0.035. Our biological tests showed that 6-gingerol nanophytosomes displayed selective antiproliferative activity, considerable downregulation of inflammatory markers and cytokines, and an enhanced wound-healing process. Conclusions: Our results confirm the anti-cancer activity of PEGylated nanophytosome 6-gingerol, with superior activity exhibited in accelerating wound healing.

Cosmetics, cosmeceuticals, and variable healthcare products used parabens, among other excipients, for their preservative and antimicrobial activities. Paraben derivatives exhibit distinguished physiochemical properties that enable them to be compatible with the formulation of cosmetic agents in different dosage forms. In addition to their potency and efficacy, parabens are economically efficient as they have low‐manufacturing costs. Despite the desirable characteristics, the safety of parabens use is controversial after detecting these chemicals in various biological tissues after repetitive and long‐term use of formulations containing them. The use of parabens drew public health attention after scientific reports linked skin exposure to parabens with health issues, in particular, breast cancer. In response, worldwide authorities set regulations for the allowance concentrations of paraben to be used in variable cosmetic products.

Developing resistance to the currently available antimicrobial agents, particularly anti-Bacterial, is a worrying issue that rises highly worldwide. Communities, health workers, and government officials around the world are joining in, calling for overuse and misuse of antibiotics to stop. The phrase “de-marketing” indicates a strategy that drives to organize the form and the level of the current and future demand; not only that, but rationalizes it by organizations (profit, non-profit organizations as well as governments) specified to discourage and minimize activities of organizations about selling, distribution, using, and advertising… etc. It is to conduct an investigation of the potential impact of de-marketing in both controlling and minimizing the antibiotic misusage in Jordan. The essential purpose of the current analysis research is to manifest the contribution of the general demarketing strategy in influencing the attitude of consumers towards rationalization of taking antibiotics through regular medications, which is under the supervision and recommendations of professional doctors. In this article, we focused on those secondary resources derived from the published literature. Besides, we relied on the output of 450 consumers’ interactions and responses to our 19 questions distributed as a survey with consideration to the general ethics. The model of our study was designed based on the preliminary information collected from exploration study. The insight statistical analysis confirmed a attitude towards rationalization of taking antibiotics without doctor supervision (off prescription) that properly will raise the issue of antibiotics misuse along with its severe and dangerous side effects which will have a possible reduction of the undesirable and toxic effects after misusing the drugs. Moreover, this strategy would have a positive impact in lowering eco-toxicity of antibiotics misuse to words non-target aquatic organisms; plants or sediment and soil-inhabiting organisms. In conclusion, The problem of antibiotic resistance can be minimized only by concerted efforts of all members of society for ensuring the continued efficiency of antibiotics, the demarketing strategy shows a promising approach which could be used by any interested parties working to develop policies, strategies, interventions or campaigns to reduce antibiotic resistance.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the most important public health problem in 2020, poses severe health and socioeconomic impact. Many people turn to herbal therapy to prevent infection with the virus or alleviate the symptoms caused by it. This study evaluates the patterns of phytotherapy-based product utilization in the prevention against SARS-COV-2 and their reported effectiveness. This cross-sectional survey used a convenience sample of 287 adults who had used any form of phytotherapeutics to help fight and/or treat COVID-19 infection. The majority (n = 194, 67.6%) of participants had used plants from the Rutaceae family (like lemon and oranges), followed by those of Amaryllidaceous (namely, Garlic and Onion). Participants said that physicians and pharmacists were the primary sources of information about phytotherapy (n=107, 37.3%), and their decision was driven by their positive attitude towards herbal medicine or plant-based products (n=133, 46.3%). Many participants did not notice any side effects of these remedies (n=270, 94%) and believed they were effective (n = 184, 64%). This study provides an overview of the many phytotherapeutic remedies used in the era of COVID-19 by Jordanian society, which could prompt the conduction of interventional trials to assess the effectiveness and safety of this modality of therapy, either as a stand-alone or adjuvant treatment.

Nephropathy is a global health issue that affects more than 20% of the adult population. Nephropathy is expected to be the fifth leading cause of death worldwide over the coming two decades. The introduction of green microalgae in nutrition and therapeutics for their biological activities is increasing. The current study examined the effect of Chlorella sorokiniana on renal health after inducing nephrotoxicity in mice. Preliminary screening of the algal aqueous extract revealed the presence of soluble polyphenols and triterpenoids. Successive intraperitoneal doses of gentamicin were administered to mice to induce nephrotoxicity. Concurrent intraperitoneal doses of the algal extract were administered to the infected mice to evaluate their nephroprotective activity. Two different concentrations of the treatment agent were administered in successive doses to two groups of mice. The tested concentrations were 150 and 300 mg/kg of mouse weight, respectively. The other two groups were either left untreated (normal control) or treated only with antibiotics (negative control). Creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels were analyzed in both serum and urine samples to evaluate the renal health of each animal group. Histochemical examination of the renal tissues was performed to assess the damage and improvement status. In vivo studies revealed a promising and significant nephroprotective activity of C. sorokiniana.