On Wednesday 11th March, 2020, the world health organization (WHO) announced novel coronavirus (COVID-19, also called SARS-CoV-2) as a pandemic.

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Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an endogenous substance detected and isolated from various tissues and biological fluids. Owing to its physicochemical properties, HA contributes to many biological processes at intra-and extracellular levels, such as skin hydration, joints lubrication, and wound healing, besides its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The current review highlights the employment of exogenous HA in many aesthetic and dermatological aspects. Also, it aims to clarify the skin rejuvenating activity by compensating for the biological loss of HA with advanced age. Other positive impacts of HA on hair, nail, and overall health status were also revised. Cosmetics and cosmeceuticals that contain HA, among other active ingredients, are commercially available in different dosage forms such as gels, creams, intradermal injections, and fillers. Aesthetic enhancement is achieved via soft tissue augmentation, skin hydration level increasing, grooves refilling, and collagen and elastin biosynthesis stimulation. HA contributes to various therapeutic approaches such as gingivitis, stomatitis, ulceration, and osteoarthritis. Additionally, it has beneficial uses in dentistry due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The recent implication of HA following the claims that it has a rejuvenating power for the skin and many therapeutic benefits has to be thoroughly investigated and delivered by a trained expert to avoid undesirable effects.

Objective: The objective of the two pharmacokinetic studies reported here was to compare the relative bio availability and bio equivalence of an ibuprofen 400 mg tablet from National Company (SDI) as a test with a reference formulation. Study Design: Evaluation of two open, randomized, cross-over studies, one single dose in healthy male volunteers. Methods: 20 healthy volunteers were randomized in a cross-over design to single dose of Profedin 400 mg produced from National Company, ibuprofen formulation, as a test and a reference formulation produced from Pharmacia & Upjohn, Ibuprofen 400 mg. Ibuprofen and standard of ibuprofen were analyzed by utilizing HPLC, the sample extracted from 0.5ml of plasma with an organic solution of isooctane and 2-propanol. The mobile phase consisted of 44% acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid. The flow rate was 1 ml/min. The analytical column was a C-18, 5um packing size. Detection of Ibuprofen and the internal standard occurred by UV absorbance at wavelength of 220 nm. Results: A single-dose study demonstrated that the bio availability of ibuprofen for both formulations was not significantly different. In addition, mean plasma levels of ibuprofen predictive of clinical efficacy were achieved within 1.5- 2.0 hours and the elimination of ibuprofen tablets is virtually complete in 12 hours after the single dose. The serum half-life is 1.8 to 2.0 hours. The Cmax, Tmax, Kelemin.0.5 were calculated for the test and reference. They were not significantly different. Conclusions: Blood levels predicted that the present slow-release formulation of ibuprofen should offer reliable day and night control of pain and fever and is associated with a favorable safety profile.

Traditional remedies for Moringa peregrina leaves have a variety of uses with confirmed biological and therapeutic effects, as per published reports. The current study aims to evaluate the ability of the leaves aqueous extract to protect from nephrotoxicity in gentamicin-treated mice. Phytochemical analysis for the aqueous extract was performed using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay for antioxidants, Folin-Ciocalteu, AlCl3 and HPLC- MS/MS analysis, focusing on phenol and flavonoid content. The nephroprotective activity of the prepared extract was evaluated by means of variable biochemical parameters including Creatinine (Cr), Uric Acid (UA), and Urea (Ur). In addition, histological examination of renal tissues was performed in all mice groups (control, gentamicin-induced (150 mg/Kg i.p) and aqueous extract-orally treated groups (500 and 1000 mg/Kg)). Findings reveal that the prepared extract has total phenols (555.57±0.92mg/g, equivalent to gallic acid), flavonoids (40.08±1.56 mg/g, equivalent to quercetin), and DPPH IC50 (3.10 µg/ml). HPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of 10 phenols and flavonoids compounds. In vivo studies showed a significant (P < 0.05) reducing effect for the high-dose treatment, on serum and urine concentrations for UA, Cr, and U, among the nephrotoxicity induced mice. Low-dose treated group showed significant reduction on serum concentration of UA, Cr and U, but only for Cr concentration in urine. The histological examination showed an improvement in the image of the renal tissue among the induced-nephrotoxicity mice, which was treated with high-dose extract. In conclusion, leaves aqueous extract of M. peregrina have shown potential protective effect to counteract some of the gentamicin consequences on kidney functions.

Nephropathy is a global health issue that affects more than 20% of the adult population. Nephropathy is expected to be the fifth leading cause of death worldwide over the coming two decades. The introduction of green microalgae in nutrition and therapeutics for their biological activities is increasing. The current study examined the effect of Chlorella sorokiniana on renal health after inducing nephrotoxicity in mice. Preliminary screening of the algal aqueous extract revealed the presence of soluble polyphenols and triterpenoids. Successive intraperitoneal doses of gentamicin were administered to mice to induce nephrotoxicity. Concurrent intraperitoneal doses of the algal extract were administered to the infected mice to evaluate their nephroprotective activity. Two different concentrations of the treatment agent were administered in successive doses to two groups of mice. The tested concentrations were 150 and 300 mg/kg of mouse weight, respectively. The other two groups were either left untreated (normal control) or treated only with antibiotics (negative control). Creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels were analyzed in both serum and urine samples to evaluate the renal health of each animal group. Histochemical examination of the renal tissues was performed to assess the damage and improvement status. In vivo studies revealed a promising and significant nephroprotective activity of C. sorokiniana.

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Objectives: Pennisetum setaceum has been used traditionally as herbal hypoglycemic and slimming medicine by Jordanians. However, its claimed benefits are still elusive. The current in vivo study aimed to justify the folk use of this herbal tea and evaluate its effect. Materials and methods: plant material was collected from South Jordan and identified. Crude aqueous extract of Pennisetum setaceum aerial parts was prepared. The lethal dose was estimated after given groups of mice oral doses of the herbal extract (1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g/Kg mouse weight). The potential weight reduction activity was measured by recording the animal weight for 30 days after feeding them 1 g/Kg oral doses of the herbal medicine for 10 consecutive days. The hypoglycemic activity was evaluated in two different concentrations: 1 and 2 g/Kg mouse weight. Male mice with an average weight of 26.5 ± 2.76 g were rendered diabetic by an intraperitoneal dose of streptozocin. Groups of mice were given the herbal medication orally. A negative control group was given d. water. Blood sugar levels were measured from tail blood every 30 min for 3 h. LD50 was estimated. Results: The plant was identified to be P. setaceum by the local authority in Jordan. LD50 was estimated to be 10 g/Kg mouse weight after oral administration. Significant weight reduction of the orally fed group (27 ± 3.1 to 24 ± 2.2) with minor undesirable effects. A significant decrease in blood glucose level in the treated diabetic animals were measured compared with the control group. Significant variation in time-dependent hypoglycemic effect was found between the two tested doses. Conclusion: P. setaceum aqueous extract can be considered as a promising candidate for amelioration of blood sugar profile with potential slimming activity.