• FA values of TN and CPN are significantly lower in DPN. • ADC values of TN and CPN are significantly higher in DPN. • DTI demonstrates moderate diagnostic accuracy in detection of DPN. • There is excellent interobserver performance in DTI measurements. • Moderate correlation is seen between DTI parameters and MCV.

High resolution and high field magnetic resonance neurography (MR neurography, MRN) is shown to have excellent anatomic capability. There have been considerable advances in the technology in the last few years leading to various feasibility studies using different structural and functional imaging approaches in both clinical and research settings. This paper is intended to be a useful seminar for readers who want to gain knowledge of the advancements in the MRN pulse sequences currently used in clinical practice as well as learn about the other techniques on the horizon aimed at better depiction of nerve anatomy, pathology, and potential noninvasive evaluation of nerve degeneration or regeneration.

• Placental bulge type-II demonstrated the strongest independent association with PP. • Uterine serosal hypervascularity is a useful feature for differentiating PP from PA. • MRI features associated with abnormal vessels increase the risk of massive haemorrhage.

No abstract

This preliminary study shows that 3-T diffusion-weighted MRN with unidirectional motion-probing gradients is feasible for 3D visualization of major extremity nerves. Diffusion-weighted MRN may enable nerve depiction and allow assessment of the anatomic relationship between lesions with diffusion restriction and adjacent nerves.

Leaf senescence is a developmentally programmed and degenerative process which comprises the last stage of the life cycle of leaves. In order to understand the melatonin effect on grapevine leaf senescence, the dark treatment on detached leaves of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Red Globe was performed to induce leaf senescence at short period of time. Then, a series of physiological and molecular changes in response to exogenous melatonin were measured. Results showed that 100 μM of melatonin treatment could significantly delay the dark induced leaf senescence, which is accompanied by the decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, melatonin treatment could increase the scavenging activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Simultaneously, ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) contents, the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly higher than control treatment in samples treated with melatonin. Furthermore, melatonin treatment showed to suppress the expression of leaf senescence-associated genes (SAGs). All these results demonstrated that melatonin could activate the antioxidant and Ascorbate-Glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle system and repress the expression of SAGs that lead to delay the dark induced grape leaf senescence.

To explore the handedness effects on phase asymmetries in deep gray matter of healthy adults by using magnetic susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) phase. Thirty left-handed (16 men, 14 women; age range, 20 to 57 years) and 30 age- and sex-matched right-handed (16 men, 14 women; age range, 20 to 58 years) healthy adults were examined at 3.0 T MRI. For each subject, phase values were detected in bilateral frontal white matters (FWM), caudate nucleus (CA), putamen (PU), globus pallidus (GP), thalamus (TH), red nucleus (RN) and substantia nigra (SN) on phase images. Statistical analysis was performed with paired-samples t-test and independent-samples t-test. In both handedness groups, the corrected phase values in the left hemisphere were significantly lower than those in the right one in FWM, CA, PU, GP (P < 0.05) and there was no significant hemispheric asymmetry in TH, RN and SN (P > 0.05). Differences in corrected phase values in corresponding brain regions of the same hemisphere between left-handed and right-handed groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Hemispheric asymmetry of SWI phase in deep gray matter may not associate with handedness in adult brain.

• Phase difference enhanced (PADRE) imaging can yield diverse contrasts between tissues • The PADRE technique utilizes the inherent variety of magnetic susceptibilities • PADRE MR imaging provides better visualization of certain cerebral anatomy in vivo • PADRE imaging is able to delineate the stria of Gennari in the primary visual cortex • PADRE imaging is able to identify the two optic radiation layers.