Using in silico drug screening by Connectivity Map followed by empirical validations, we repurposed an existing phenothiazine-like antipsychotic drug, trifluoperazine, as a potential anti-CSC agent that could overcome epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor and chemotherapy resistance.

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We demonstrated that somatic D310 mutations and increase in the copy number of mitochondrial DNA are of clinical importance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. We also propose a model of DNA instability and clonal expansion during the carcinogenesis and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from the viewpoint of mitochondrial DNA transmission.

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